{"schema":"wallace-qualitative-research-2","notice":"Qualitative research drafts — internally reviewed, with independent review pending. Methodology 1.0 is proposed and awaits editorial approval. Four conditional score proposals are shown for editorial discussion. They are not approved whole-period ratings. The other 26 dimensions remain unassessed; no official scores or totals have been assigned. These profiles are not a published assessment edition.","origin":"research/wallace-index/evidence-gaps-02/updated-register.json","proposalOrigin":"research/wallace-index/score-proposals-01/score-proposals.json","asOf":"2026-10-17","methodologyApproved":false,"independentReviewCompleted":false,"officialScoresAssigned":false,"profiles":[{"id":"boris-johnson","name":"Boris Johnson","country":"United Kingdom","office":"Prime Minister","start":"2019-07-24","end":"2022-09-06","chronologySourceIds":["BJ01","V01"],"dimensions":[{"proposal":null,"dimension":"people","judgement":"Johnson acknowledged public sacrifices in his January 2022 apology. That records citizen-facing communication. The packet does not yet establish a sustained pattern of listening influencing his decisions; pandemic findings require a personal decision trail, and the Ukraine announcement does not supply that missing link.","uncertainties":"Acknowledgement is not documented listening into decisions; collective pandemic outcomes require an individual decision trail. Affected-community testimony and routine consultation remain underrepresented.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBJ01-C1","text":"Johnson apologised, acknowledged public sacrifices and said he had believed the May 2020 garden gathering was a work event; he accepted that he should have acted differently.","date":"2022-01-12","locator":"Opening answer and later work-event answers","limitations":"The apology and explanation are recorded words, not proof that the explanation was correct; compare the privileges findings about in-period statements.","sourceId":"NBJ01","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister — oral answers, 12 January 2022"},{"id":"BJ05-C1","text":"The government recorded Johnson’s Kyiv visit and announced additional military assistance and World Bank lending guarantees.","date":"2022-04-09","locator":"Paragraphs describing assistance and lending guarantees","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ05","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister pledges UK’s unwavering support to Ukraine on visit to Kyiv: 9 April 2022"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BJ04-C1","text":"The committees identified both vaccination successes and serious weaknesses in the early pandemic response, including delayed lockdown and shortcomings affecting vulnerable groups.","date":"2021-10-12","locator":"Opening summary and principal findings","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ04","sourceTitle":"Coronavirus: lessons learned to date report published"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NBJ05-C1","text":"Johnson set out governing commitments in his first Downing Street speech.","date":"2019-07-24","locator":"Opening governing programme and commitments","limitations":"A baseline for comparing promises with later decisions, not delivery evidence or proof of public-service motivation.","sourceId":"NBJ05","sourceTitle":"Boris Johnson’s first speech as Prime Minister"}]},{"proposal":{"score":1,"descriptor":"Limited or inconsistent evidence","rationale":"The personally attributable advice to prorogue Parliament and the formal finding about misleading the House provide strong adverse institutional evidence. The disclosure criticism adds a separate scrutiny concern. His recorded apology and proposed support for the adviser count as limited countervailing responses, not proof of implemented reform. On a provisional reading that reserves 0 for a predominantly negative pattern with negligible countervailing institutional conduct, the mixed record fits 1. This balancing interpretation requires explicit editorial agreement; the descriptor itself does not prescribe it.","adjacentDescriptors":"0 remains a plausible alternative if editors judge the severity of the established parliamentary interference and misleading statements to make the record demonstrably negative overall. 2 is not supported by the recorded responses: apologies and promised administrative support do not establish substantial institutional discipline. No automatic disqualification or averaging rule is used.","conditions":"Approve an explicit severity-versus-countervailing-conduct interpretation of 0/1. Restrict the later Committee report to its findings about in-period statements; exclude conduct during the 2023 inquiry. Preserve the narrow Geidt no-conflict finding. Review any material contrary institutional cases before accepting a whole-period score.","changeFromPrior":"Earlier whole-period insufficiency is not reversed. This is a conditional numerical interpretation of the documented adverse-and-response cases, made possible by proposing the balancing judgement explicitly rather than leaving it unstated."},"dimension":"process","judgement":"The prorogation judgement and the Committee’s finding about in-period statements supply specific adverse institutional evidence. Geidt criticised disclosure but maintained his narrow no-conflict assessment concerning the payment. Johnson’s apology and proposed support are relevant recorded responses; the departure speech establishes stated support for succession, not verification of every transfer action.","uncertainties":"The conduct dates underlying the 2023 report must be separated from the later inquiry behaviour. The rubric has no approved rule for balancing severe violations against ordinary compliance.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBJ08-C1","text":"Johnson apologised for the adviser’s position and incomplete explanation, defended parts of his office’s handling and proposed more support and information access for the adviser.","date":"2021-12-21","locator":"Letter paragraphs on apology, disclosure and proposed steps","limitations":"Direct acknowledgement and promises; implementation is not established. Read alongside Geidt rather than treating the response as an exoneration.","sourceId":"NBJ08","sourceTitle":"The Prime Minister’s response to Lord Geidt, 21 December 2021"},{"id":"NBJ04-C1","text":"Johnson thanked staff and the public, referred critically to the circumstances of succession and pledged support for Liz Truss and the new government.","date":"2022-09-06","locator":"Final speech, succession and closing paragraphs","limitations":"Mixed observable communication; do not infer his private motives or validate achievement claims in the speech.","sourceId":"NBJ04","sourceTitle":"Boris Johnson’s final speech as Prime Minister"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BJ02-C1","text":"The Court held the advice to prorogue Parliament unlawful and the resulting prorogation null and without effect.","date":"2019-09-24","locator":"[2019] UKSC 41, paragraphs 50, 61 and 69–70","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ02","sourceTitle":"R (Miller) v The Prime Minister; Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland"},{"id":"BJ03-C1","text":"The Committee concluded that Johnson deliberately misled the House. The summary records its reasoning, his denials and his response to provisional conclusions.","date":"2023-06-15","locator":"Summary, paragraphs 11–17","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ03","sourceTitle":"Matter referred on 21 April 2022 (conduct of Rt Hon Boris Johnson): Final Report — Summary"},{"id":"NBJ02-C1","text":"Geidt criticised incomplete disclosure of messages relevant to the flat-refurbishment investigation and insufficient regard for his role; he distinguished that criticism from his earlier interests assessment.","date":"2021-12-17","locator":"Disclosure, notification and annex discussion","limitations":"Preserve the qualified finding rather than alleging that a bribe or personal corruption was proved. Publication is later than the letter date.","sourceId":"NBJ02","sourceTitle":"Letter from Lord Geidt to the Prime Minister, 17 December 2021"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NBJ07-C1","text":"Geidt raised the question of the Ministerial Code’s legal-compliance duty following the Prime Minister’s fixed penalty notice and called for a public explanation of the Prime Minister’s position.","date":"2022-05","locator":"Preface: fixed penalty notice and public confidence in the Code","limitations":"A question and advice are not a concluded independent finding that the Code was breached. Original publication day is not established in this packet.","sourceId":"NBJ07","sourceTitle":"Annual Report of the Independent Adviser on Ministers’ Interests: May 2022"},{"id":"NBJ06-C1","text":"The full report sets out its finding about misleading the House, Johnson’s account and arguments, and its reasons for rejecting aspects of them.","date":"2023-06-15","locator":"Conclusions and sections on what Johnson told the House; representations considered in report","limitations":"Later committee conduct and sanctions must not be scored as premiership behaviour. Only relevant sections were reviewed, not every evidential attachment.","sourceId":"NBJ06","sourceTitle":"Conduct of Rt Hon Boris Johnson: Final Report"},{"id":"IR-BJ01","text":"In his 17 December 2021 letter, Geidt maintained the fundamental assessment that the payment did not create a conflict or reasonably perceived conflict, while qualifying other conclusions and criticising disclosure.","date":"2021-12-17","locator":"Letter opening: impact on earlier advice; subsequent disclosure sections","limitations":"A specific finding about the interests created by this payment, not general exoneration of all conduct or a finding that the investigation received full disclosure.","sourceId":"NBJ02","sourceTitle":"Letter from Lord Geidt to the Prime Minister, 17 December 2021"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"policy","judgement":"An articulated strategic direction is documented in the Integrated Review and Ukraine-support announcements. Pandemic weaknesses qualify the broader claim that direction was consistently supported by disciplined implementation.","uncertainties":"Cross-domain delivery, resources and justified revisions require fuller checking. Strategy rhetoric cannot be treated as achieved consistency; ideological agreement is excluded.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBJ11-C1","text":"The strategy connects national-security and international-policy objectives to priority actions to 2025 in a strategic framework.","date":"2021-03-16","locator":"Introduction and Strategic Framework","limitations":"Accessible text updated 2 July 2021; original publication day not established by this file alone. This establishes an articulated strategy, not coherent delivery across all policy.","sourceId":"NBJ11","sourceTitle":"Global Britain in a Competitive Age — Integrated Review"},{"id":"BJ05-C1","text":"The government recorded Johnson’s Kyiv visit and announced additional military assistance and World Bank lending guarantees.","date":"2022-04-09","locator":"Paragraphs describing assistance and lending guarantees","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ05","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister pledges UK’s unwavering support to Ukraine on visit to Kyiv: 9 April 2022"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BJ04-C1","text":"The committees identified both vaccination successes and serious weaknesses in the early pandemic response, including delayed lockdown and shortcomings affecting vulnerable groups.","date":"2021-10-12","locator":"Opening summary and principal findings","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ04","sourceTitle":"Coronavirus: lessons learned to date report published"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NBJ05-C1","text":"Johnson set out governing commitments in his first Downing Street speech.","date":"2019-07-24","locator":"Opening governing programme and commitments","limitations":"A baseline for comparing promises with later decisions, not delivery evidence or proof of public-service motivation.","sourceId":"NBJ05","sourceTitle":"Boris Johnson’s first speech as Prime Minister"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"crisis","judgement":"The March 2020 addresses provide directly attributable acute-crisis communication: a severe warning followed by explicit stay-at-home instructions, exceptions and an evidence-linked review point. This supports a qualified analysis of clarity, risk framing and explanation of change.","uncertainties":"The timing and adequacy of decisions, actual delivery and consistency throughout the premiership remain contested or incomplete. Existing pandemic criticism is retained; words do not prove inner composure.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"BJ05-C1","text":"The government recorded Johnson’s Kyiv visit and announced additional military assistance and World Bank lending guarantees.","date":"2022-04-09","locator":"Paragraphs describing assistance and lending guarantees","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ05","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister pledges UK’s unwavering support to Ukraine on visit to Kyiv: 9 April 2022"},{"id":"GC_BJ01-C1","text":"Johnson instructed people to stay at home, explained permitted exceptions and announced that restrictions would be reviewed in three weeks against evidence.","date":"2020-03-23","locator":"Stay-at-home instructions, exceptions and three-week review paragraphs","limitations":"Text establishes the content and clarity of communication, not inner composure, public compliance or whether the timing was appropriate.","sourceId":"GC_BJ01","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister’s address on coronavirus, 23 March 2020"},{"id":"GC_BJ02-C1","text":"Johnson warned that more families would lose loved ones, described the scientific advice and set out the measures then being taken.","date":"2020-03-12","locator":"Opening risk warning and measures","limitations":"Compare with 23 March rather than treating a changed response as automatically inconsistent. Claims of scientific guidance remain the speaker’s account.","sourceId":"GC_BJ02","sourceTitle":"PM statement on coronavirus, 12 March 2020"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BJ04-C1","text":"The committees identified both vaccination successes and serious weaknesses in the early pandemic response, including delayed lockdown and shortcomings affecting vulnerable groups.","date":"2021-10-12","locator":"Opening summary and principal findings","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ04","sourceTitle":"Coronavirus: lessons learned to date report published"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NBJ01-C1","text":"Johnson apologised, acknowledged public sacrifices and said he had believed the May 2020 garden gathering was a work event; he accepted that he should have acted differently.","date":"2022-01-12","locator":"Opening answer and later work-event answers","limitations":"The apology and explanation are recorded words, not proof that the explanation was correct; compare the privileges findings about in-period statements.","sourceId":"NBJ01","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister — oral answers, 12 January 2022"}]},{"proposal":{"score":1,"descriptor":"Limited or inconsistent evidence","rationale":"The January 2022 parliamentary apology and December 2021 response to Geidt directly document acknowledgement of error. The adviser’s criticism and the Committee’s findings about explanations qualify the extent to which those acknowledgements demonstrate acceptance of scrutiny. A provisional 1 represents observable but materially inconsistent acknowledgement and accountability; it is not an assessment of sincerity or a penalty for missing information.","adjacentDescriptors":"0 would understate the documented acknowledgements unless editors decide that established contrary conduct outweighs them to that degree. 2 would require a stronger account of meaningful acceptance of criticism and correction beyond the same episodes. 3 is unsupported. Institutional misconduct is relevant only to the humility indicators it actually bears on, not an automatic second penalty.","conditions":"Agree that the interaction between explicit acknowledgements and the relevant adverse findings is sufficiently attributable to this dimension. Separate acceptance of criticism from subsequent remedy, and exclude out-of-period inquiry behaviour. Resolve the limited broader-period sampling before adopting a final score.","changeFromPrior":"The earlier caveat about follow-through and the broader personal-conduct sample remains. The new item is an explicit candidate for the limited/inconsistent descriptor, not a claim that the sampling gap has disappeared."},"dimension":"humility","judgement":"There are direct acknowledgements and apologies, so a claim that Johnson never admitted error would be unsustainable. Their scope and adequacy are qualified by the adviser’s concerns and the Committee’s findings about his explanations.","uncertainties":"Assess the original words rather than inferred sincerity. Later committee behaviour is outside the scored office period; subsequent implementation of promised corrections is incompletely documented.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBJ01-C1","text":"Johnson apologised, acknowledged public sacrifices and said he had believed the May 2020 garden gathering was a work event; he accepted that he should have acted differently.","date":"2022-01-12","locator":"Opening answer and later work-event answers","limitations":"The apology and explanation are recorded words, not proof that the explanation was correct; compare the privileges findings about in-period statements.","sourceId":"NBJ01","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister — oral answers, 12 January 2022"},{"id":"NBJ08-C1","text":"Johnson apologised for the adviser’s position and incomplete explanation, defended parts of his office’s handling and proposed more support and information access for the adviser.","date":"2021-12-21","locator":"Letter paragraphs on apology, disclosure and proposed steps","limitations":"Direct acknowledgement and promises; implementation is not established. Read alongside Geidt rather than treating the response as an exoneration.","sourceId":"NBJ08","sourceTitle":"The Prime Minister’s response to Lord Geidt, 21 December 2021"},{"id":"NBJ04-C1","text":"Johnson thanked staff and the public, referred critically to the circumstances of succession and pledged support for Liz Truss and the new government.","date":"2022-09-06","locator":"Final speech, succession and closing paragraphs","limitations":"Mixed observable communication; do not infer his private motives or validate achievement claims in the speech.","sourceId":"NBJ04","sourceTitle":"Boris Johnson’s final speech as Prime Minister"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BJ03-C1","text":"The Committee concluded that Johnson deliberately misled the House. The summary records its reasoning, his denials and his response to provisional conclusions.","date":"2023-06-15","locator":"Summary, paragraphs 11–17","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ03","sourceTitle":"Matter referred on 21 April 2022 (conduct of Rt Hon Boris Johnson): Final Report — Summary"},{"id":"NBJ02-C1","text":"Geidt criticised incomplete disclosure of messages relevant to the flat-refurbishment investigation and insufficient regard for his role; he distinguished that criticism from his earlier interests assessment.","date":"2021-12-17","locator":"Disclosure, notification and annex discussion","limitations":"Preserve the qualified finding rather than alleging that a bribe or personal corruption was proved. Publication is later than the letter date.","sourceId":"NBJ02","sourceTitle":"Letter from Lord Geidt to the Prime Minister, 17 December 2021"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NBJ06-C1","text":"The full report sets out its finding about misleading the House, Johnson’s account and arguments, and its reasons for rejecting aspects of them.","date":"2023-06-15","locator":"Conclusions and sections on what Johnson told the House; representations considered in report","limitations":"Later committee conduct and sanctions must not be scored as premiership behaviour. Only relevant sections were reviewed, not every evidential attachment.","sourceId":"NBJ06","sourceTitle":"Conduct of Rt Hon Boris Johnson: Final Report"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"service","judgement":"The refurbishment correspondence establishes serious disclosure concerns and also Geidt’s maintained, specific no-conflict assessment about the payment. Those findings must be weighed together. Proposed safeguards and statements about succession are documented, but the packet does not establish a general pattern of choosing public duty over personal advantage.","uncertainties":"Do not convert an interests concern into a proved bribe or claim that leaving office alone demonstrates selflessness. Relevant declarations, original qualified findings and follow-up must all be weighed.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBJ08-C1","text":"Johnson apologised for the adviser’s position and incomplete explanation, defended parts of his office’s handling and proposed more support and information access for the adviser.","date":"2021-12-21","locator":"Letter paragraphs on apology, disclosure and proposed steps","limitations":"Direct acknowledgement and promises; implementation is not established. Read alongside Geidt rather than treating the response as an exoneration.","sourceId":"NBJ08","sourceTitle":"The Prime Minister’s response to Lord Geidt, 21 December 2021"},{"id":"NBJ04-C1","text":"Johnson thanked staff and the public, referred critically to the circumstances of succession and pledged support for Liz Truss and the new government.","date":"2022-09-06","locator":"Final speech, succession and closing paragraphs","limitations":"Mixed observable communication; do not infer his private motives or validate achievement claims in the speech.","sourceId":"NBJ04","sourceTitle":"Boris Johnson’s final speech as Prime Minister"}],"adverse":[{"id":"NBJ02-C1","text":"Geidt criticised incomplete disclosure of messages relevant to the flat-refurbishment investigation and insufficient regard for his role; he distinguished that criticism from his earlier interests assessment.","date":"2021-12-17","locator":"Disclosure, notification and annex discussion","limitations":"Preserve the qualified finding rather than alleging that a bribe or personal corruption was proved. Publication is later than the letter date.","sourceId":"NBJ02","sourceTitle":"Letter from Lord Geidt to the Prime Minister, 17 December 2021"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NBJ07-C1","text":"Geidt raised the question of the Ministerial Code’s legal-compliance duty following the Prime Minister’s fixed penalty notice and called for a public explanation of the Prime Minister’s position.","date":"2022-05","locator":"Preface: fixed penalty notice and public confidence in the Code","limitations":"A question and advice are not a concluded independent finding that the Code was breached. Original publication day is not established in this packet.","sourceId":"NBJ07","sourceTitle":"Annual Report of the Independent Adviser on Ministers’ Interests: May 2022"},{"id":"BJ05-C1","text":"The government recorded Johnson’s Kyiv visit and announced additional military assistance and World Bank lending guarantees.","date":"2022-04-09","locator":"Paragraphs describing assistance and lending guarantees","limitations":"","sourceId":"BJ05","sourceTitle":"Prime Minister pledges UK’s unwavering support to Ukraine on visit to Kyiv: 9 April 2022"},{"id":"IR-BJ01","text":"In his 17 December 2021 letter, Geidt maintained the fundamental assessment that the payment did not create a conflict or reasonably perceived conflict, while qualifying other conclusions and criticising disclosure.","date":"2021-12-17","locator":"Letter opening: impact on earlier advice; subsequent disclosure sections","limitations":"A specific finding about the interests created by this payment, not general exoneration of all conduct or a finding that the investigation received full disclosure.","sourceId":"NBJ02","sourceTitle":"Letter from Lord Geidt to the Prime Minister, 17 December 2021"}]}]},{"id":"keir-starmer","name":"Keir Starmer","country":"United Kingdom","office":"Prime Minister","start":"2024-07-05","end":"2026-07-20","chronologySourceIds":["KS01","V02"],"dimensions":[{"proposal":null,"dimension":"people","judgement":"The record combines explicit concern for targeted communities with language later acknowledged as a mistake. The later acknowledgement provides evidence of correction, while the original communication remains material to citizen focus.","uncertainties":"Community experience and decisions resulting from listening require further evidence. Benefit-recipient statistics describe reach, not empathy or Starmer’s individual reasons.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"KS05-C1","text":"Starmer condemned violent disorder, referred to targeted Muslim and other minority communities, and stated that the government would support the police and pursue criminal enforcement.","date":"2024-08-04","locator":"Speech transcript, paragraphs on targeted communities and policing","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS05","sourceTitle":"PM statement: 4 August 2024"},{"id":"NKS09-C1","text":"In the original interview Starmer regretted the phrase, said he had not intended the historical echo and acknowledged that he should have scrutinised the speech more carefully.","date":"2025-06-27","locator":"Interview passage discussing the May immigration speech","limitations":"Original published interview, not unedited recording. It establishes an attributed acknowledgement and explanation, not that the explanation is independently proved.","sourceId":"NKS09","sourceTitle":"The private trials of Keir Starmer"}],"adverse":[{"id":"NKS02-C1","text":"Starmer used the phrase island of strangers in explaining his government’s immigration proposals.","date":"2025-05-12","locator":"Transcript paragraph containing island of strangers","limitations":"Assess treatment of people and communication, not agreement with immigration restrictions. Later regret is a separate event.","sourceId":"NKS02","sourceTitle":"PM remarks at Immigration White Paper press conference"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"KS06-C1","text":"The Treasury announced expanded Winter Fuel Payment eligibility in England and Wales using a £35,000 income threshold, following the narrower arrangements introduced for winter 2024/25.","date":"2025-06-09","locator":"Eligibility announcement and Further background","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS06","sourceTitle":"Nine million pensioners to receive Winter Fuel Payments this winter"},{"id":"NKS08-C1","text":"DWP reports recipients under changed eligibility and explains comparisons with earlier winters.","date":"2025/2026","locator":"Main stories and eligibility/comparability notes","limitations":"Retrospective source about an in-period winter. Counts, recipients and beneficiaries differ; this is context, not proof of Starmer’s personal listening or a moral score.","sourceId":"NKS08","sourceTitle":"Winter Fuel Payment statistics for winter 2025 to 2026"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"process","judgement":"The dated register documents declarations, and the government announcement describes proposed transparency and investigatory changes. Reported repayment supplies a related benefits-management case. The packet does not establish consistent compliance or enforcement; the historical code-version conflict remains unresolved.","uncertainties":"No claim of consistent enforcement is supported. The purported November 2024 PDF returns an October 2025 title (NKS07); historical code text and enforcement records remain unresolved.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"KS02-C1","text":"The announcement sets out monthly publication of ministerial gifts and hospitality, including values, and an independent adviser’s power to initiate investigations without a prime ministerial veto.","date":"2024-11-06","locator":"Gifts and hospitality rules; independent adviser powers","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS02","sourceTitle":"New Ministerial Code to set out standards in public life and restore transparency"},{"id":"NKS01-C1","text":"ITV reported Downing Street’s statement that Starmer had paid for gifts and hospitality and commissioned revised principles.","date":"2024-10-02","locator":"Report and quoted Downing Street statement","limitations":"A reported official account, not audited banking evidence. Repayment does not erase acceptance or establish that every conflict was resolved.","sourceId":"NKS01","sourceTitle":"Starmer pays back more than £6,000 worth of gifts amid donations row"},{"id":"NKS06-C1","text":"The Plan sets out named milestones and numerical targets and presents them as a basis for public accountability.","date":"2024-12-05","locator":"Foreword and milestone list, printed pages 5–7; chapter headings","limitations":"Relevant sections of the 48-page PDF reviewed. Targets and institutional reform intentions are not achieved outcomes; no full-document implementation audit claimed.","sourceId":"NKS06","sourceTitle":"Plan for Change: Milestones for mission-led government, CP 1210"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"KS03-C1","text":"The register includes Arsenal tickets and hospitality received on 17 August 2024 and declared on 10 September 2024. Other entries concern earlier dates or periods straddling the start of the premiership.","date":"2024-10-14","locator":"Category 3; Arsenal entry received 17 August 2024; accommodation entry 29 May–13 July 2024","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS03","sourceTitle":"Register of Members’ Financial Interests: Starmer, Sir Keir (14 October 2024)"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"policy","judgement":"The Plan for Change supplies inspectable targets rather than only an opening speech. The benefits revision is a relevant adaptation case, but its merits depend on reasons, implementation and context rather than the fact of reversal alone.","uncertainties":"The packet does not establish fulfilment of the whole strategy or resource alignment. Later public-service success claims in the resignation speech are excluded from verified outcomes.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NKS06-C1","text":"The Plan sets out named milestones and numerical targets and presents them as a basis for public accountability.","date":"2024-12-05","locator":"Foreword and milestone list, printed pages 5–7; chapter headings","limitations":"Relevant sections of the 48-page PDF reviewed. Targets and institutional reform intentions are not achieved outcomes; no full-document implementation audit claimed.","sourceId":"NKS06","sourceTitle":"Plan for Change: Milestones for mission-led government, CP 1210"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"KS06-C1","text":"The Treasury announced expanded Winter Fuel Payment eligibility in England and Wales using a £35,000 income threshold, following the narrower arrangements introduced for winter 2024/25.","date":"2025-06-09","locator":"Eligibility announcement and Further background","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS06","sourceTitle":"Nine million pensioners to receive Winter Fuel Payments this winter"},{"id":"NKS08-C1","text":"DWP reports recipients under changed eligibility and explains comparisons with earlier winters.","date":"2025/2026","locator":"Main stories and eligibility/comparability notes","limitations":"Retrospective source about an in-period winter. Counts, recipients and beneficiaries differ; this is context, not proof of Starmer’s personal listening or a moral score.","sourceId":"NKS08","sourceTitle":"Winter Fuel Payment statistics for winter 2025 to 2026"},{"id":"NKS05-C1","text":"Starmer presented service and public trust as governing commitments in his first speech.","date":"2024-07-05","locator":"Initial governing commitments","limitations":"Rhetorical baseline only; subsequent behaviour and institutional decisions must supply the assessment.","sourceId":"NKS05","sourceTitle":"Keir Starmer’s first speech as Prime Minister"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"crisis","judgement":"The disorder transcript records Starmer’s stated support for targeted communities, police and legal enforcement. It does not by itself establish protection achieved, personal composure or effective coordination. The immigration speech is retained as communication evidence under People and Humility; its inclusion as a crisis case requires a demonstrated connection to acute crisis decision-making.","uncertainties":"Do not equate emphatic language with either composure or its absence. Operational records, independent evaluations and decisions during the latter part of the term are insufficiently covered.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"KS05-C1","text":"Starmer condemned violent disorder, referred to targeted Muslim and other minority communities, and stated that the government would support the police and pursue criminal enforcement.","date":"2024-08-04","locator":"Speech transcript, paragraphs on targeted communities and policing","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS05","sourceTitle":"PM statement: 4 August 2024"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"NKS09-C1","text":"In the original interview Starmer regretted the phrase, said he had not intended the historical echo and acknowledged that he should have scrutinised the speech more carefully.","date":"2025-06-27","locator":"Interview passage discussing the May immigration speech","limitations":"Original published interview, not unedited recording. It establishes an attributed acknowledgement and explanation, not that the explanation is independently proved.","sourceId":"NKS09","sourceTitle":"The private trials of Keir Starmer"},{"id":"NKS02-C1","text":"Starmer used the phrase island of strangers in explaining his government’s immigration proposals.","date":"2025-05-12","locator":"Transcript paragraph containing island of strangers","limitations":"Assess treatment of people and communication, not agreement with immigration restrictions. Later regret is a separate event.","sourceId":"NKS02","sourceTitle":"PM remarks at Immigration White Paper press conference"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"humility","judgement":"There is direct published acknowledgement that the immigration wording was wrong and should have received more scrutiny, alongside reported repayment and credit to others at departure. These are observable humility indicators, while the initial error remains part of the same case.","uncertainties":"The Observer is an edited published interview, and later articles are not independent evidence origins. Consistent acceptance of criticism and follow-through across the term remains unestablished.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NKS09-C1","text":"In the original interview Starmer regretted the phrase, said he had not intended the historical echo and acknowledged that he should have scrutinised the speech more carefully.","date":"2025-06-27","locator":"Interview passage discussing the May immigration speech","limitations":"Original published interview, not unedited recording. It establishes an attributed acknowledgement and explanation, not that the explanation is independently proved.","sourceId":"NKS09","sourceTitle":"The private trials of Keir Starmer"},{"id":"NKS04-C1","text":"Starmer announced his resignation, thanked staff and the public, credited collective work and pledged support for his successor.","date":"2026-07-20","locator":"Resignation, successor and concluding thanks","limitations":"Verifies words and announced transfer, not the speech’s claims about the economy, public services or other achievements.","sourceId":"NKS04","sourceTitle":"Keir Starmer’s final speech as Prime Minister"},{"id":"NKS01-C1","text":"ITV reported Downing Street’s statement that Starmer had paid for gifts and hospitality and commissioned revised principles.","date":"2024-10-02","locator":"Report and quoted Downing Street statement","limitations":"A reported official account, not audited banking evidence. Repayment does not erase acceptance or establish that every conflict was resolved.","sourceId":"NKS01","sourceTitle":"Starmer pays back more than £6,000 worth of gifts amid donations row"}],"adverse":[{"id":"NKS02-C1","text":"Starmer used the phrase island of strangers in explaining his government’s immigration proposals.","date":"2025-05-12","locator":"Transcript paragraph containing island of strangers","limitations":"Assess treatment of people and communication, not agreement with immigration restrictions. Later regret is a separate event.","sourceId":"NKS02","sourceTitle":"PM remarks at Immigration White Paper press conference"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NKS03-C1","text":"The report quotes Starmer’s regret and explanation in his Observer interview.","date":"2025-06-27","locator":"Reported interview quotations","limitations":"One interview origin, not independent corroboration merely because it is syndicated. The original interview has now been retrieved as NKS09.","sourceId":"NKS03","sourceTitle":"Starmer says he deeply regrets using island of strangers phrase"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"service","judgement":"Reported repayment is a specific action concerning personal benefits, and the departure speech records support for the successor. Neither proves that all conflicts were avoided or that personal ambition never influenced decisions.","uncertainties":"Payment details are reported official statements rather than audited bank records. Accepting declared benefits remains relevant context but is not silently classified as misconduct.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NKS01-C1","text":"ITV reported Downing Street’s statement that Starmer had paid for gifts and hospitality and commissioned revised principles.","date":"2024-10-02","locator":"Report and quoted Downing Street statement","limitations":"A reported official account, not audited banking evidence. Repayment does not erase acceptance or establish that every conflict was resolved.","sourceId":"NKS01","sourceTitle":"Starmer pays back more than £6,000 worth of gifts amid donations row"},{"id":"NKS04-C1","text":"Starmer announced his resignation, thanked staff and the public, credited collective work and pledged support for his successor.","date":"2026-07-20","locator":"Resignation, successor and concluding thanks","limitations":"Verifies words and announced transfer, not the speech’s claims about the economy, public services or other achievements.","sourceId":"NKS04","sourceTitle":"Keir Starmer’s final speech as Prime Minister"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"KS03-C1","text":"The register includes Arsenal tickets and hospitality received on 17 August 2024 and declared on 10 September 2024. Other entries concern earlier dates or periods straddling the start of the premiership.","date":"2024-10-14","locator":"Category 3; Arsenal entry received 17 August 2024; accommodation entry 29 May–13 July 2024","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS03","sourceTitle":"Register of Members’ Financial Interests: Starmer, Sir Keir (14 October 2024)"},{"id":"KS02-C1","text":"The announcement sets out monthly publication of ministerial gifts and hospitality, including values, and an independent adviser’s power to initiate investigations without a prime ministerial veto.","date":"2024-11-06","locator":"Gifts and hospitality rules; independent adviser powers","limitations":"","sourceId":"KS02","sourceTitle":"New Ministerial Code to set out standards in public life and restore transparency"},{"id":"NKS05-C1","text":"Starmer presented service and public trust as governing commitments in his first speech.","date":"2024-07-05","locator":"Initial governing commitments","limitations":"Rhetorical baseline only; subsequent behaviour and institutional decisions must supply the assessment.","sourceId":"NKS05","sourceTitle":"Keir Starmer’s first speech as Prime Minister"}]}]},{"id":"andy-burnham","name":"Andy Burnham","country":"United Kingdom","office":"Mayor of Greater Manchester","start":"2017-05-08","end":"2026-06-19","chronologySourceIds":["V03","AB01"],"dimensions":[{"proposal":null,"dimension":"people","judgement":"Family-centred commissioning, positive accounts of personal visits and responses to victim concerns provide direct evidence of attention to people. Geographical gaps reported by families and serious victim-service failures prevent a one-sided conclusion.","uncertainties":"Kerslake testimony is valuable but not a representative survey. Police-service failures must be connected to the mayor’s knowledge, powers and oversight rather than assigned personally by default.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"AB02-C1","text":"The independent review records that Burnham commissioned it and prioritised the experiences of bereaved families and other affected people.","date":"2018-03-27","locator":"Sections 1.2–1.3, printed pages 11–12","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB02","sourceTitle":"The Kerslake Report"},{"id":"AB02-C2","text":"The report records some respondents’ positive accounts of personal visits by the mayor and chief constable.","date":"2018-03-27","locator":"Section 2.22, printed pages 49–50","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB02","sourceTitle":"The Kerslake Report"},{"id":"NAB05-C1","text":"The statement accepted serious inspection issues and announced measures including a dedicated route for victims whose crimes were not recorded or appropriately handled.","date":"2020-12-16","locator":"Report response and victim hotline paragraphs","limitations":"Announced steps require follow-up. Distinguish the force-data reference period from the later inspection dates and the mayor’s own responsibilities.","sourceId":"NAB05","sourceTitle":"Mayor and Deputy Mayor announce actions relating to HMICFRS report into GMP"},{"id":"NAB06-C1","text":"The report quotes Burnham’s letter apologising for historical discrimination, his statement about operational independence and Tatchell’s view that a mayoral apology did not replace a force apology.","date":"2025-12-23","locator":"Quoted letter and recipient response","limitations":"Original letter not retrieved here. The mayor’s 2025 acknowledgement is in period; the historical abuses described are not attributed to his own mayoralty.","sourceId":"NAB06","sourceTitle":"Andy Burnham apologises for GMP historic failings towards LGBTQ+ people"}],"adverse":[{"id":"AB02-C3","text":"The report also records that some respondents outside Manchester felt overlooked or less well supported. This is not a finding of Burnham’s sole responsibility.","date":"2018-03-27","locator":"Section 2.23, printed page 50","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB02","sourceTitle":"The Kerslake Report"},{"id":"AB03-C1","text":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB03","sourceTitle":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NAB07-C1","text":"The interview reports Burnham’s salary pledge and questions him about homelessness, mental health and how support would work.","date":"2017-05-16","locator":"Introduction and interview questions on the homelessness fund","limitations":"Directly questioned commitments, not bank records or measured results; charity-focused publication has an explicit public-interest perspective.","sourceId":"NAB07","sourceTitle":"Andy Burnham interview"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"process","judgement":"The record contains review commissioning, a specific declared interest and a mayoral response to policing failures. V05 corroborates the force’s removal from enhanced monitoring while acknowledging remaining work. Whether the mayor’s oversight was timely and adequate before those failures is not yet established.","uncertainties":"A disclosed interest does not prove a financial conflict or recusal. Prior warnings, scrutiny, delegation and timeliness need fuller reconstruction before evaluating institutional discipline over nine years.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"AB02-C1","text":"The independent review records that Burnham commissioned it and prioritised the experiences of bereaved families and other affected people.","date":"2018-03-27","locator":"Sections 1.2–1.3, printed pages 11–12","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB02","sourceTitle":"The Kerslake Report"},{"id":"NAB04-C1","text":"The meeting record states that Burnham registered an interest concerning LEVI funding under the capital-funding item.","date":"2024-09-27","locator":"Decision under Declarations of Interest, Item 3","limitations":"A narrow instance of disclosure. Do not infer a personal financial conflict, recusal or consistent compliance from it; publication date is not stated.","sourceId":"NAB04","sourceTitle":"Declarations of interest — GMCA meeting of 27 September 2024"},{"id":"NAB02-C1","text":"Burnham’s statement acknowledged unacceptable lack of progress, said the report was accepted and victims apologised to, and announced changes in force leadership.","date":"2020-12-18","locator":"Mayor’s statement on report acceptance, apology and leadership","limitations":"Direct record of acknowledgement and announced action. It does not by itself establish adequate prior oversight or completed reform.","sourceId":"NAB02","sourceTitle":"Statements from the Mayor and Deputy Mayor on the future of Greater Manchester Police"}],"adverse":[{"id":"AB03-C1","text":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB03","sourceTitle":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NAB05-C1","text":"The statement accepted serious inspection issues and announced measures including a dedicated route for victims whose crimes were not recorded or appropriately handled.","date":"2020-12-16","locator":"Report response and victim hotline paragraphs","limitations":"Announced steps require follow-up. Distinguish the force-data reference period from the later inspection dates and the mayor’s own responsibilities.","sourceId":"NAB05","sourceTitle":"Mayor and Deputy Mayor announce actions relating to HMICFRS report into GMP"},{"id":"AB04-C1","text":"The police force announced removal from enhanced monitoring and described improvements in call handling, recording and investigation.","date":"2022-10-28","locator":"Opening announcement and crime-recording/investigation passages","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB04","sourceTitle":"Greater Manchester Police Most Improved Force in the Country as Chief Constable and Mayor confirm HMICFRS has removed Force from Special Measures"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"policy","judgement":"Bus-franchising decision and rollout chronology provide a concrete strategic case. Homelessness pledges show a second direction but do not establish delivery; police weaknesses qualify any general claim of disciplined execution.","uncertainties":"Do not assume that the rough-sleeping deadline was met. Independent cost, service and homelessness outcomes are not sufficiently established, and organisational findings do not automatically become the mayor’s policy failure.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"AB05-C1","text":"GMCA records Burnham’s decision to introduce bus franchising in March 2021, with the first services running in September 2023 and final rollout in January 2025.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"The journey to franchised bus services","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB05","sourceTitle":"Bus Franchising"}],"adverse":[{"id":"AB03-C1","text":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB03","sourceTitle":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NAB01-C1","text":"GMCA states that Burnham launched a homelessness fund as a first mayoral act and donated part of his salary.","date":"2017-05","locator":"Opening paragraphs on fund and salary; displayed publication timestamp","limitations":"Page timestamp is 13 December 2018, while the account describes the start of the mayoralty. Event timing is contextualised by NAB07. Do not call this an audited recurring donation record or assume the 2020 goal was met.","sourceId":"NAB01","sourceTitle":"Ending rough sleeping by 2020 — new Mayor puts words into action"},{"id":"NAB07-C1","text":"The interview reports Burnham’s salary pledge and questions him about homelessness, mental health and how support would work.","date":"2017-05-16","locator":"Introduction and interview questions on the homelessness fund","limitations":"Directly questioned commitments, not bank records or measured results; charity-focused publication has an explicit public-interest perspective.","sourceId":"NAB07","sourceTitle":"Andy Burnham interview"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"crisis","judgement":"The Arena address provides actual acute-event language combining acknowledgement of shock, public solidarity and practical information. The 2020 interview supplies a second pressured episode in which legal compliance and harms to residents were discussed.","uncertainties":"The official address page has a later timestamp; ITV corroborates the occasion. Accounts of community gaps and policing failures remain relevant. Neither transcript establishes the quality of all operations or constant calm over nine years.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"AB02-C1","text":"The independent review records that Burnham commissioned it and prioritised the experiences of bereaved families and other affected people.","date":"2018-03-27","locator":"Sections 1.2–1.3, printed pages 11–12","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB02","sourceTitle":"The Kerslake Report"},{"id":"NAB02-C1","text":"Burnham’s statement acknowledged unacceptable lack of progress, said the report was accepted and victims apologised to, and announced changes in force leadership.","date":"2020-12-18","locator":"Mayor’s statement on report acceptance, apology and leadership","limitations":"Direct record of acknowledgement and announced action. It does not by itself establish adequate prior oversight or completed reform.","sourceId":"NAB02","sourceTitle":"Statements from the Mayor and Deputy Mayor on the future of Greater Manchester Police"},{"id":"NAB05-C1","text":"The statement accepted serious inspection issues and announced measures including a dedicated route for victims whose crimes were not recorded or appropriately handled.","date":"2020-12-16","locator":"Report response and victim hotline paragraphs","limitations":"Announced steps require follow-up. Distinguish the force-data reference period from the later inspection dates and the mayor’s own responsibilities.","sourceId":"NAB05","sourceTitle":"Mayor and Deputy Mayor announce actions relating to HMICFRS report into GMP"},{"id":"GC_AB01-C1","text":"The reproduced statement acknowledges grief and anger, calls for solidarity, provides emergency contact information and asks people to share trusted information.","date":"2017-05-23","locator":"Speech and emergency-information paragraphs","limitations":"Official page displays a later 2018 timestamp. GC_AB03 corroborates the 23 May 2017 occasion; no claim of contemporaneous website publication is made.","sourceId":"GC_AB01","sourceTitle":"Manchester terror attack — statement from Mayor Andy Burnham"},{"id":"GC_AB02-C1","text":"In the reported interview Burnham said he would accept legally imposed restrictions while explaining concerns about harm to residents.","date":"2020-10-20","locator":"Quotation from interview with Kay Burley","limitations":"A reported interview, not an independently tested account of negotiations or proof that all his communication remained calm.","sourceId":"GC_AB02","sourceTitle":"Burnham says he would accept imposed Tier 3 restrictions"},{"id":"GC_AB03-C1","text":"ITV’s dated coverage records Burnham’s address after the Arena attack and his expression of grief, shock and anger.","date":"2017-05-23","locator":"Dated update and quoted address","limitations":"Corroborates occasion and words; does not verify emotional state or the quality of emergency-service operations.","sourceId":"GC_AB03","sourceTitle":"Manchester wakes up after darkest of nights"}],"adverse":[{"id":"AB02-C3","text":"The report also records that some respondents outside Manchester felt overlooked or less well supported. This is not a finding of Burnham’s sole responsibility.","date":"2018-03-27","locator":"Section 2.23, printed page 50","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB02","sourceTitle":"The Kerslake Report"},{"id":"AB03-C1","text":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB03","sourceTitle":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NAB06-C1","text":"The report quotes Burnham’s letter apologising for historical discrimination, his statement about operational independence and Tatchell’s view that a mayoral apology did not replace a force apology.","date":"2025-12-23","locator":"Quoted letter and recipient response","limitations":"Original letter not retrieved here. The mayor’s 2025 acknowledgement is in period; the historical abuses described are not attributed to his own mayoralty.","sourceId":"NAB06","sourceTitle":"Andy Burnham apologises for GMP historic failings towards LGBTQ+ people"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"humility","judgement":"The record now contains acknowledged lack of policing progress and an apology to affected victims, plus a reported later apology for historical discrimination. These support a bounded finding that he can publicly recognise institutional wrongs.","uncertainties":"The original 2025 letter remains inaccessible (NAB03, HTTP 403), although a retrieved report quotes it. Distinguish acknowledgement of inherited wrongs from acceptance of responsibility for shortcomings on his own watch.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NAB02-C1","text":"Burnham’s statement acknowledged unacceptable lack of progress, said the report was accepted and victims apologised to, and announced changes in force leadership.","date":"2020-12-18","locator":"Mayor’s statement on report acceptance, apology and leadership","limitations":"Direct record of acknowledgement and announced action. It does not by itself establish adequate prior oversight or completed reform.","sourceId":"NAB02","sourceTitle":"Statements from the Mayor and Deputy Mayor on the future of Greater Manchester Police"},{"id":"NAB06-C1","text":"The report quotes Burnham’s letter apologising for historical discrimination, his statement about operational independence and Tatchell’s view that a mayoral apology did not replace a force apology.","date":"2025-12-23","locator":"Quoted letter and recipient response","limitations":"Original letter not retrieved here. The mayor’s 2025 acknowledgement is in period; the historical abuses described are not attributed to his own mayoralty.","sourceId":"NAB06","sourceTitle":"Andy Burnham apologises for GMP historic failings towards LGBTQ+ people"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"AB03-C1","text":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB03","sourceTitle":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"service","judgement":"Recipient-filed accounts now document named personal contributions in successive reporting periods, replacing reliance solely on a salary pledge. The Sky speaker fee is a separate category and is not counted as an additional direct personal donation.","uncertainties":"The documents establish specified contributions, not an unbroken percentage of salary, complete conflict management or absence of ambition. A complete interests and recusal history is still not assembled.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NAB01-C1","text":"GMCA states that Burnham launched a homelessness fund as a first mayoral act and donated part of his salary.","date":"2017-05","locator":"Opening paragraphs on fund and salary; displayed publication timestamp","limitations":"Page timestamp is 13 December 2018, while the account describes the start of the mayoralty. Event timing is contextualised by NAB07. Do not call this an audited recurring donation record or assume the 2020 goal was met.","sourceId":"NAB01","sourceTitle":"Ending rough sleeping by 2020 — new Mayor puts words into action"},{"id":"NAB07-C1","text":"The interview reports Burnham’s salary pledge and questions him about homelessness, mental health and how support would work.","date":"2017-05-16","locator":"Introduction and interview questions on the homelessness fund","limitations":"Directly questioned commitments, not bank records or measured results; charity-focused publication has an explicit public-interest perspective.","sourceId":"NAB07","sourceTitle":"Andy Burnham interview"},{"id":"NAB04-C1","text":"The meeting record states that Burnham registered an interest concerning LEVI funding under the capital-funding item.","date":"2024-09-27","locator":"Decision under Declarations of Interest, Item 3","limitations":"A narrow instance of disclosure. Do not infer a personal financial conflict, recusal or consistent compliance from it; publication date is not stated.","sourceId":"NAB04","sourceTitle":"Declarations of interest — GMCA meeting of 27 September 2024"},{"id":"GS_AB01-C1","text":"The charity’s accounts identify a £12,375 contribution from patron Andy Burnham in the period and a £15,125 comparative figure for 2023.","date":"2023-04-01/2024-03-31","locator":"Accounts related-party note and fundraising section; PDF pages 11 and 41","limitations":"Recipient-filed accounts, not personal bank statements or a guarantee of all annual payments. Do not infer a universal salary percentage or equate contributions with overall public-duty quality.","sourceId":"GS_AB01","sourceTitle":"Greater Manchester Mayor’s Charity CIO annual report and accounts, year ended 31 March 2024"},{"id":"GS_AB02-C1","text":"The annual report identifies £11,050 donated by Burnham and separately describes a £10,000 Sky speaker-fee contribution on his behalf in lieu of some direct payments.","date":"2024-04-01/2025-03-31","locator":"Individual donations/fundraising section, PDF page 11","limitations":"Do not add the Sky fee as another direct personal payment or extrapolate a continuous payment history. The report explains an allocation spanning reporting periods.","sourceId":"GS_AB02","sourceTitle":"Greater Manchester Mayor’s Charity CIO annual report and accounts, year ended 31 March 2025"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"AB03-C1","text":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","date":"Date not recorded","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020","limitations":"","sourceId":"AB03","sourceTitle":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police"}]}]},{"id":"barack-obama","name":"Barack Obama","country":"United States","office":"President","start":"2009-01-20","end":"2017-01-20","chronologySourceIds":["BO01"],"dimensions":[{"proposal":null,"dimension":"people","judgement":"The packet records communication to bereaved communities and acceptance of responsibility for hostage deaths and health-rollout failures. Those are specific citizen-facing acts, with implementation and surveillance concerns requiring separate consideration. They do not yet establish sustained listening or responsiveness across both terms.","uncertainties":"Speeches are not a representative record of listening, and outcomes are not personal empathy measures. Family experience, civilian-harm records and original coverage data need deeper review.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"BO05-C1","text":"At the Newtown vigil Obama acknowledged bereaved families, praised responders and community support, and committed to work on preventing further shootings.","date":"2012-12-16","locator":"Speech at Newtown High School, passages on families and prevention","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO05","sourceTitle":"Remarks by the President at Sandy Hook Interfaith Prayer Vigil"},{"id":"NBO01-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for counterterrorism operations, apologised to the families and described review of the operation that killed the hostages.","date":"2015-04-23","locator":"Statement paragraphs on responsibility, apology and review","limitations":"An acknowledgement of grave harm is relevant; it does not erase harm, prove the adequacy of safeguards or establish full accountability for every operation.","sourceId":"NBO01","sourceTitle":"Statement on the deaths of Warren Weinstein and Giovanni Lo Porto"},{"id":"NBO02-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for the health-law rollout, acknowledged loss of credibility and discussed corrective action.","date":"2013-11-14","locator":"DCPD-201300781, printed page 4 and subsequent health-marketplace answers","limitations":"Read alongside GAO’s independent findings and later follow-up; statements about repair are not evidence that every defect was resolved.","sourceId":"NBO02","sourceTitle":"The President’s News Conference, 14 November 2013"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BO03-C1","text":"The Board recommended ending bulk telephone-record collection, citing legal, privacy and effectiveness concerns. The report includes separate statements by two members.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Printed page 16, Recommendation 1; introduction and annex contents","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"BO07-C1","text":"The analysis reports changes in health insurance coverage and other indicators, and warns that numerical changes do not determine presidential credit or blame.","date":"2016-10-09","locator":"Analysis introduction and Health Insurance section","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO07","sourceTitle":"Obama’s Numbers October 2016 Update"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"process","judgement":"Ethics rules and transition instructions support institutional commitments; independent audit and majority surveillance findings supply substantial qualifications. The dissenting board members dispute important parts of the majority analysis.","uncertainties":"The Board was not unanimous on shutting down the programme or legal analysis. Ethical rules include waivers; neither their existence nor their mere availability establishes consistent conduct or abuse.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBO04-C1","text":"The order requires an ethics pledge for appointees and contains restrictions, administration provisions and a written-waiver mechanism.","date":"2009-01-21","locator":"Pledge, section 3 Waiver and administration provisions","limitations":"Instituted rules do not establish personal sacrifice, universal compliance or improper use of waivers. The waiver mechanism must not be omitted from a favourable account.","sourceId":"NBO04","sourceTitle":"Executive Order 13490 — Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel"},{"id":"NBO03-C1","text":"Obama congratulated the president-elect and instructed his team to work towards a successful peaceful transition.","date":"2016-11-09","locator":"Reproduced speech paragraphs on call, team instructions and transition","limitations":"Observable communication and instruction, not confirmation of every transition action or acceptance of every substantive policy of the successor.","sourceId":"NBO03","sourceTitle":"President Obama speaks on the results of the election"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BO02-C1","text":"GAO identified inadequate CMS planning and oversight, increased contract costs and delayed functionality. The record includes agency responses and later implementation of recommendations.","date":"2014-07-30","locator":"What GAO Found; Recommendations for Executive Action","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO02","sourceTitle":"Healthcare.gov: Ineffective Planning and Oversight Practices Underscore the Need for Improved Contract Management"},{"id":"BO03-C1","text":"The Board recommended ending bulk telephone-record collection, citing legal, privacy and effectiveness concerns. The report includes separate statements by two members.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Printed page 16, Recommendation 1; introduction and annex contents","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"BO03-C2","text":"Rachel Brand’s separate statement disagrees with ending the telephone-record programme without an adequate alternative and supports many other recommendations.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Annex A, printed pages 208–213","limitations":"Dissent is not an exoneration. Preserve majority and separate reasoning without counting members as source votes.","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"},{"id":"BO03-C3","text":"Elisebeth Collins Cook’s separate statement supports modifications but disputes the report’s statutory-authorisation, constitutional and efficacy analyses.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Annex B, printed pages 214–218","limitations":"Dissent is not an exoneration. Preserve majority and separate reasoning without counting members as source votes.","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"},{"id":"BO04-C1","text":"Obama set out announced intelligence reforms and further privacy work, presenting the need to balance security and civil liberties.","date":"2014-01-17","locator":"Speech, reform proposals and closing discussion of privacy review","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO04","sourceTitle":"Remarks by the President on Review of Signals Intelligence"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"policy","judgement":"The health-law record connects an enacted programme, implementation shortcomings and announced repairs. It is a suitable case for examining strategic direction and adaptation without deciding whether the ideology was desirable.","uncertainties":"Implementation after repair, resource choices, other policy domains and original datasets remain incomplete. Legislation and population trends are not interchangeable with policy coherence.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"BO06-C1","text":"The catalogue identifies the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as Public Law 111–148, dated 23 March 2010.","date":"2010-03-23","locator":"Content Details","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO06","sourceTitle":"Public Law 111–148 — Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act"},{"id":"NBO02-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for the health-law rollout, acknowledged loss of credibility and discussed corrective action.","date":"2013-11-14","locator":"DCPD-201300781, printed page 4 and subsequent health-marketplace answers","limitations":"Read alongside GAO’s independent findings and later follow-up; statements about repair are not evidence that every defect was resolved.","sourceId":"NBO02","sourceTitle":"The President’s News Conference, 14 November 2013"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BO02-C1","text":"GAO identified inadequate CMS planning and oversight, increased contract costs and delayed functionality. The record includes agency responses and later implementation of recommendations.","date":"2014-07-30","locator":"What GAO Found; Recommendations for Executive Action","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO02","sourceTitle":"Healthcare.gov: Ineffective Planning and Oversight Practices Underscore the Need for Improved Contract Management"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"BO07-C1","text":"The analysis reports changes in health insurance coverage and other indicators, and warns that numerical changes do not determine presidential credit or blame.","date":"2016-10-09","locator":"Analysis introduction and Health Insurance section","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO07","sourceTitle":"Obama’s Numbers October 2016 Update"},{"id":"BO04-C1","text":"Obama set out announced intelligence reforms and further privacy work, presenting the need to balance security and civil liberties.","date":"2014-01-17","locator":"Speech, reform proposals and closing discussion of privacy review","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO04","sourceTitle":"Remarks by the President on Review of Signals Intelligence"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"crisis","judgement":"The H1N1 and Ebola texts directly address acute public anxiety, explain reliance on public-health advice and distinguish precaution from panic. They support a qualified finding about the content of communication in two different public-health crises.","uncertainties":"Statements about consultation are not proof of implementation or medical correctness. Other first-term crises and contrary communications require broader sampling; rollout and civilian-harm evidence is preserved.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"BO05-C1","text":"At the Newtown vigil Obama acknowledged bereaved families, praised responders and community support, and committed to work on preventing further shootings.","date":"2012-12-16","locator":"Speech at Newtown High School, passages on families and prevention","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO05","sourceTitle":"Remarks by the President at Sandy Hook Interfaith Prayer Vigil"},{"id":"NBO01-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for counterterrorism operations, apologised to the families and described review of the operation that killed the hostages.","date":"2015-04-23","locator":"Statement paragraphs on responsibility, apology and review","limitations":"An acknowledgement of grave harm is relevant; it does not erase harm, prove the adequacy of safeguards or establish full accountability for every operation.","sourceId":"NBO01","sourceTitle":"Statement on the deaths of Warren Weinstein and Giovanni Lo Porto"},{"id":"NBO02-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for the health-law rollout, acknowledged loss of credibility and discussed corrective action.","date":"2013-11-14","locator":"DCPD-201300781, printed page 4 and subsequent health-marketplace answers","limitations":"Read alongside GAO’s independent findings and later follow-up; statements about repair are not evidence that every defect was resolved.","sourceId":"NBO02","sourceTitle":"The President’s News Conference, 14 November 2013"},{"id":"GC_BO01-C1","text":"Obama distinguished concern from panic, described consultation with public-health officials and explained why they did not recommend closing the Mexican border.","date":"2009-04-29","locator":"Press-conference question and answer reproduced in post","limitations":"Direct communication evidence; medical appropriateness and implementation require other records. Publication is a day after the conference.","sourceId":"GC_BO01","sourceTitle":"The President’s remarks on H1N1"},{"id":"GC_BO02-C1","text":"Obama advocated science-based monitoring, distinguished facts from fear and said he would obtain input from returning health workers.","date":"2014-10-28","locator":"Monitoring guidance and health-worker input paragraphs","limitations":"Announced consultation is not proof that it occurred; reassurance does not prove effectiveness or consistent composure across the presidency.","sourceId":"GC_BO02","sourceTitle":"Remarks by the President on Ebola"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BO02-C1","text":"GAO identified inadequate CMS planning and oversight, increased contract costs and delayed functionality. The record includes agency responses and later implementation of recommendations.","date":"2014-07-30","locator":"What GAO Found; Recommendations for Executive Action","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO02","sourceTitle":"Healthcare.gov: Ineffective Planning and Oversight Practices Underscore the Need for Improved Contract Management"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"BO03-C1","text":"The Board recommended ending bulk telephone-record collection, citing legal, privacy and effectiveness concerns. The report includes separate statements by two members.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Printed page 16, Recommendation 1; introduction and annex contents","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"}]},{"proposal":{"score":2,"descriptor":"Substantial but not consistently demonstrated","rationale":"The 2013 health-rollout news conference and 2015 hostage-deaths statement contain direct, personally attributable acceptance of responsibility in different domains. The 2016 transition remarks credit a predecessor and describe the office as larger than its incumbent. Together these are substantive observable indicators supporting a conditional 2. They establish what Obama acknowledged and instructed, not sincerity, completed remedies or universal acceptance of scrutiny.","adjacentDescriptors":"1 would be more appropriate if a broader record shows that these acknowledgements were isolated or outweighed by verified rejection of criticism. The current cross-domain statements support testing 2 rather than assuming merely ceremonial regret. 3 is not defensible: consistent conduct across both terms is unestablished. Surveillance findings qualify transparency; the PCLOB disagreements must not be represented as unanimous.","conditions":"Human reviewers must decide whether the sampled personal acknowledgements are substantial enough for 2 and seek material contrary personal-accountability cases, especially from the first term. Do not convert statements into verified remedy or completed transition actions. Until that coverage judgement is resolved, retain this as a candidate, not an accepted whole-period rating.","changeFromPrior":"The previous early-term sampling limitation and remedy uncertainty remain explicit. The proposal identifies the adjacent descriptor supported by the observed cases; it does not certify full-period sufficiency."},"dimension":"humility","judgement":"Two different episodes document personal acceptance of responsibility, and the transition statement credits the predecessor’s example while supporting the successor. These are substantive observable humility indicators.","uncertainties":"Acknowledgement does not establish sincerity or adequate remedy. Selective transparency and unresolved contrary cases must be tested across both terms; the reviewed early-term personal-conduct sample remains limited.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBO02-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for the health-law rollout, acknowledged loss of credibility and discussed corrective action.","date":"2013-11-14","locator":"DCPD-201300781, printed page 4 and subsequent health-marketplace answers","limitations":"Read alongside GAO’s independent findings and later follow-up; statements about repair are not evidence that every defect was resolved.","sourceId":"NBO02","sourceTitle":"The President’s News Conference, 14 November 2013"},{"id":"NBO01-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for counterterrorism operations, apologised to the families and described review of the operation that killed the hostages.","date":"2015-04-23","locator":"Statement paragraphs on responsibility, apology and review","limitations":"An acknowledgement of grave harm is relevant; it does not erase harm, prove the adequacy of safeguards or establish full accountability for every operation.","sourceId":"NBO01","sourceTitle":"Statement on the deaths of Warren Weinstein and Giovanni Lo Porto"},{"id":"NBO03-C1","text":"Obama congratulated the president-elect and instructed his team to work towards a successful peaceful transition.","date":"2016-11-09","locator":"Reproduced speech paragraphs on call, team instructions and transition","limitations":"Observable communication and instruction, not confirmation of every transition action or acceptance of every substantive policy of the successor.","sourceId":"NBO03","sourceTitle":"President Obama speaks on the results of the election"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"BO03-C1","text":"The Board recommended ending bulk telephone-record collection, citing legal, privacy and effectiveness concerns. The report includes separate statements by two members.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Printed page 16, Recommendation 1; introduction and annex contents","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"},{"id":"BO03-C2","text":"Rachel Brand’s separate statement disagrees with ending the telephone-record programme without an adequate alternative and supports many other recommendations.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Annex A, printed pages 208–213","limitations":"Dissent is not an exoneration. Preserve majority and separate reasoning without counting members as source votes.","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"},{"id":"BO03-C3","text":"Elisebeth Collins Cook’s separate statement supports modifications but disputes the report’s statutory-authorisation, constitutional and efficacy analyses.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Annex B, printed pages 214–218","limitations":"Dissent is not an exoneration. Preserve majority and separate reasoning without counting members as source votes.","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"service","judgement":"The signed award-disposal instruction and subsequent Foundation confirmation provide a concrete case of foregoing a personal financial award. The tax explanation prevents attributing a further charitable deduction to the transfer; the disclosure cover establishes only that a report exists.","uncertainties":"A documented charitable transfer does not establish pure motives, consistent public-duty prioritisation or absence of conflicts. Surveillance concerns, ethics waivers and incomplete recusal evidence remain relevant.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NBO04-C1","text":"The order requires an ethics pledge for appointees and contains restrictions, administration provisions and a written-waiver mechanism.","date":"2009-01-21","locator":"Pledge, section 3 Waiver and administration provisions","limitations":"Instituted rules do not establish personal sacrifice, universal compliance or improper use of waivers. The waiver mechanism must not be omitted from a favourable account.","sourceId":"NBO04","sourceTitle":"Executive Order 13490 — Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel"},{"id":"NBO03-C1","text":"Obama congratulated the president-elect and instructed his team to work towards a successful peaceful transition.","date":"2016-11-09","locator":"Reproduced speech paragraphs on call, team instructions and transition","limitations":"Observable communication and instruction, not confirmation of every transition action or acceptance of every substantive policy of the successor.","sourceId":"NBO03","sourceTitle":"President Obama speaks on the results of the election"},{"id":"GS_BO01-C1","text":"The visually inspected cover identifies Obama’s personal incumbent financial disclosure for calendar year 2015 and includes signatures.","date":"2015","locator":"PDF page 1, visually inspected","limitations":"Text extraction is empty. Only the cover was inspected visually; no asset inventory, compliance conclusion or absence of conflicts is claimed.","sourceId":"GS_BO01","sourceTitle":"Barack Obama incumbent financial disclosure, calendar year 2015"},{"id":"GS_BO02-C1","text":"The White House announced the charities designated to receive the Nobel Prize proceeds.","date":"2010-03-11","locator":"Announcement and charity allocation list","limitations":"Announcement alone establishes intention. The subsequent transfer confirmation in GS_BO04 is the stronger action evidence.","sourceId":"GS_BO02","sourceTitle":"The President donates Nobel Prize money to charity"},{"id":"GS_BO03-C1","text":"The tax-release explanation states that Obama directed the Nobel Prize funds to charities, with the prize excluded from income and no charitable deduction for its value.","date":"2009/2010","locator":"Nobel Prize tax-treatment paragraphs","limitations":"An official tax explanation, not a new audit or proof of motive. The account should not imply an additional charitable deduction was claimed.","sourceId":"GS_BO03","sourceTitle":"President Obama and Vice President Biden’s tax returns"},{"id":"GS_BO04-C1","text":"Obama’s signed instruction directs the award to charities; the Foundation’s signed 12 April confirmation states that the proceeds were transferred on 18 March 2010.","date":"2010-03-10/2010-04-12","locator":"PDF page 1 instruction; page 4 Foundation confirmation; visually inspected","limitations":"Four-page scan inspected visually; no automated OCR claim. It establishes this documented disposal of an award, not absence of other conflicts or a general judgement about motives.","sourceId":"GS_BO04","sourceTitle":"Nobel donation instructions and Foundation transfer confirmation"}],"adverse":[{"id":"BO03-C1","text":"The Board recommended ending bulk telephone-record collection, citing legal, privacy and effectiveness concerns. The report includes separate statements by two members.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Printed page 16, Recommendation 1; introduction and annex contents","limitations":"","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"BO03-C2","text":"Rachel Brand’s separate statement disagrees with ending the telephone-record programme without an adequate alternative and supports many other recommendations.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Annex A, printed pages 208–213","limitations":"Dissent is not an exoneration. Preserve majority and separate reasoning without counting members as source votes.","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"},{"id":"BO03-C3","text":"Elisebeth Collins Cook’s separate statement supports modifications but disputes the report’s statutory-authorisation, constitutional and efficacy analyses.","date":"2014-01-23","locator":"Annex B, printed pages 214–218","limitations":"Dissent is not an exoneration. Preserve majority and separate reasoning without counting members as source votes.","sourceId":"BO03","sourceTitle":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court"},{"id":"NBO01-C1","text":"Obama accepted responsibility for counterterrorism operations, apologised to the families and described review of the operation that killed the hostages.","date":"2015-04-23","locator":"Statement paragraphs on responsibility, apology and review","limitations":"An acknowledgement of grave harm is relevant; it does not erase harm, prove the adequacy of safeguards or establish full accountability for every operation.","sourceId":"NBO01","sourceTitle":"Statement on the deaths of Warren Weinstein and Giovanni Lo Porto"}]}]},{"id":"olaf-scholz","name":"Olaf Scholz","country":"Germany","office":"Federal Chancellor","start":"2021-12-08","end":"2025-05-06","chronologySourceIds":["OS01","OS02"],"dimensions":[{"proposal":null,"dimension":"people","judgement":"The event accounts now connect named citizen questions to Scholz’s own recorded answers. This is directly attributable engagement, unlike relying on a Foreign Office participation process alone.","uncertainties":"Both accounts are government-selected, managed-event records from 2023. Empathy, representativeness, follow-through and the effect of listening on decisions throughout the chancellorship are not established.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"OS03-C1","text":"Scholz announced a security-policy shift following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including a defence fund, commitments to allies and measures on energy security and household pressures.","date":"2022-02-27","locator":"Fourth policy area: defence capability; energy security and relief package","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS03","sourceTitle":"Policy statement by Olaf Scholz, 27 February 2022 in Berlin"},{"id":"GP_OS01-C1","text":"The account records citizens’ questions about social insurance, skills, families and refugee employment, with Scholz’s direct responses.","date":"2023-07-13","locator":"Topic-specific question-and-answer sections","limitations":"Government-selected account of a managed event, not an independent measure of empathy or proof that answers caused policy changes.","sourceId":"GP_OS01","sourceTitle":"KanzlerGESPRÄCH in Füssen"},{"id":"GP_OS02-C1","text":"The account records Scholz answering citizens about pensions and family support, including a commitment concerning basic support for children.","date":"2023-05-01","locator":"Pensions and family-support question-and-answer passages","limitations":"Verifies recorded personal engagement, not delivery of the commitment. Do not turn attendance or a promise into sustained responsiveness.","sourceId":"GP_OS02","sourceTitle":"KanzlerGESPRÄCH in Bendorf"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"NOS07-C1","text":"The study describes citizen participation in the Foreign Office’s strategy process and argues that control techniques limited its opening.","date":"2022/2023","locator":"German and English abstracts","limitations":"The study concerns a Foreign Office process, not a finding of Scholz’s individual empathy or manipulation. Issue year is 2025; online publication is 20 June 2024.","sourceId":"NOS07","sourceTitle":"Kontrollierte Politisierung: Bürgerdialoge und Nationale Sicherheitsstrategie"}]},{"proposal":{"score":1,"descriptor":"Limited or inconsistent evidence","rationale":"The invalid supplementary-budget instrument is an established institutional failure, while Scholz’s direct response to the ruling, his recorded use of the Article 68 procedure and the documented handover show engagement with constitutional processes. A provisional 1 expresses the resulting mixed institutional record. Responsibility for governing within legal constraints is distinguished from an unproved claim that Scholz personally authored, knowingly violated or dishonestly evaded the budget rules.","adjacentDescriptors":"0 would give inadequate weight to the documented constitutional procedures and handover unless further evidence changes the balance. 2 needs a defensible allocation of responsibility for the budget instrument and stronger institutional-compliance coverage; acceptance after a ruling does not erase the failure. 3 is not established. Losing confidence is not itself negative leadership evidence.","conditions":"Resolve attribution inside the coalition and agree how an invalid government instrument should affect the head of government’s institutional assessment. The judgement is not a finding of personal illegality or dishonesty. Review the relevant legal advice, submissions and contrary compliance cases before final acceptance.","changeFromPrior":"The earlier allocation-of-responsibility and legal-record gaps remain. This conditional candidate exposes the responsibility assumption for editorial decision rather than silently treating a collective failure as a personal finding."},"dimension":"process","judgement":"The invalid supplementary budget is a concrete institutional failure. Public acceptance of the decision, use of a confidence procedure and documented transfer provide important countervailing evidence of working within constitutional processes.","uncertainties":"Acceptance after an adverse ruling does not erase it. Full submissions, legal advice and the allocation of responsibility inside the coalition require closer reading; do not infer dishonesty.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NOS01-C1","text":"Scholz accepted the constitutional court decision as politically binding, described adjustments and framed the implications in terms of crisis management.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Opening court-response passages","limitations":"English summaries are research paraphrases of German. Acceptance is observable; the speech does not undo invalid budgeting or independently establish programme effectiveness.","sourceId":"NOS01","sourceTitle":"Regierungserklärung zur Haushaltslage, 28 November 2023"},{"id":"NOS03-C1","text":"The Bundestag records Scholz’s Article 68 confidence motion and its defeat on 16 December 2024.","date":"2024-12-16","locator":"Motion, vote result and constitutional procedure","limitations":"The outcome is not a popularity or leadership-quality measure; relevance lies in use of the constitutional procedure.","sourceId":"NOS03","sourceTitle":"Vertrauensfrage und vorzeitige Neuwahlen"},{"id":"OS02-C1","text":"The official record documents the handover from Scholz to Merz on 6 May 2025 and includes their statements.","date":"2025-05-06","locator":"Dated introduction and handover statements","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS02","sourceTitle":"Bundeskanzler Friedrich Merz übernimmt Amtsgeschäfte"}],"adverse":[{"id":"OS04-C1","text":"The Court’s press release states that the Second Supplementary Budget Act 2021 was incompatible with specified Basic Law provisions and void; the operative judgement confirms this.","date":"2023-11-15","locator":"Press release opening; V06 operative judgement","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS04","sourceTitle":"Second Supplementary Budget Act 2021 is void"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NOS07-C1","text":"The study describes citizen participation in the Foreign Office’s strategy process and argues that control techniques limited its opening.","date":"2022/2023","locator":"German and English abstracts","limitations":"The study concerns a Foreign Office process, not a finding of Scholz’s individual empathy or manipulation. Issue year is 2025; online publication is 20 June 2024.","sourceId":"NOS07","sourceTitle":"Kontrollierte Politisierung: Bürgerdialoge und Nationale Sicherheitsstrategie"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"policy","judgement":"The security statement articulates a policy shift. The invalid supplementary-budget instrument supplies a specific problem in matching financing to legal requirements. The budget response and coalition dispute identify further questions about resources and adaptation; coalition breakdown alone does not establish incoherent policy or deficient leadership.","uncertainties":"Delivery records and trade-offs remain incomplete. The external analysis of a missing timetable is commentary, not a new court finding or evidence that every strategic programme lacked direction.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"OS03-C1","text":"Scholz announced a security-policy shift following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including a defence fund, commitments to allies and measures on energy security and household pressures.","date":"2022-02-27","locator":"Fourth policy area: defence capability; energy security and relief package","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS03","sourceTitle":"Policy statement by Olaf Scholz, 27 February 2022 in Berlin"}],"adverse":[{"id":"OS04-C1","text":"The Court’s press release states that the Second Supplementary Budget Act 2021 was incompatible with specified Basic Law provisions and void; the operative judgement confirms this.","date":"2023-11-15","locator":"Press release opening; V06 operative judgement","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS04","sourceTitle":"Second Supplementary Budget Act 2021 is void"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NOS01-C1","text":"Scholz accepted the constitutional court decision as politically binding, described adjustments and framed the implications in terms of crisis management.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Opening court-response passages","limitations":"English summaries are research paraphrases of German. Acceptance is observable; the speech does not undo invalid budgeting or independently establish programme effectiveness.","sourceId":"NOS01","sourceTitle":"Regierungserklärung zur Haushaltslage, 28 November 2023"},{"id":"NOS02-C1","text":"Scholz announced the finance minister’s dismissal, attributed serious failings to Lindner and proposed a confidence vote to enable an election.","date":"2024-11-06","locator":"Reasons for dismissal and intended confidence timetable","limitations":"Allegations about Lindner are Scholz’s position, not established facts here. Coalition and constitutional constraints matter; neither dismissal nor remaining in office proves ambition over service.","sourceId":"NOS02","sourceTitle":"Rede zur Entlassung des Bundesministers der Finanzen"},{"id":"NOS05-C1","text":"The analysis notes that the budget statement did not include an apology and criticises its lack of a concrete timetable.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Sections on timetable and Keine Entschuldigung","limitations":"Labelled analytical interpretation, not a new legal finding or proof of personality. Use with the original speech NOS01.","sourceId":"NOS05","sourceTitle":"Scholz zur Haushaltskrise: Eine neue Realität und kein konkreter Fahrplan"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"crisis","judgement":"The address on the invasion day directly acknowledges anxiety and explains allied coordination, sanctions and the aim of containing escalation. It supplies acute-crisis communication evidence missing from an assessment based on coalition accusations alone.","uncertainties":"The later budget and coalition material remains qualifying context, not proof that all communication was calm. Internal decision quality, counterpart accounts and outcomes remain incompletely researched.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"OS03-C1","text":"Scholz announced a security-policy shift following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including a defence fund, commitments to allies and measures on energy security and household pressures.","date":"2022-02-27","locator":"Fourth policy area: defence capability; energy security and relief package","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS03","sourceTitle":"Policy statement by Olaf Scholz, 27 February 2022 in Berlin"},{"id":"NOS01-C1","text":"Scholz accepted the constitutional court decision as politically binding, described adjustments and framed the implications in terms of crisis management.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Opening court-response passages","limitations":"English summaries are research paraphrases of German. Acceptance is observable; the speech does not undo invalid budgeting or independently establish programme effectiveness.","sourceId":"NOS01","sourceTitle":"Regierungserklärung zur Haushaltslage, 28 November 2023"},{"id":"GC_OS01-C1","text":"Scholz acknowledged citizens’ anxiety, described allied coordination and sanctions, and said the conflict should be prevented from spreading to other European countries.","date":"2022-02-24","locator":"Opening acknowledgement and allied-coordination passages","limitations":"Content of an acute-crisis address, not proof of internal calm, military outcomes or the completeness of preparation.","sourceId":"GC_OS01","sourceTitle":"Televised address on the Russian attack against Ukraine"}],"adverse":[{"id":"NOS02-C1","text":"Scholz announced the finance minister’s dismissal, attributed serious failings to Lindner and proposed a confidence vote to enable an election.","date":"2024-11-06","locator":"Reasons for dismissal and intended confidence timetable","limitations":"Allegations about Lindner are Scholz’s position, not established facts here. Coalition and constitutional constraints matter; neither dismissal nor remaining in office proves ambition over service.","sourceId":"NOS02","sourceTitle":"Rede zur Entlassung des Bundesministers der Finanzen"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NOS05-C1","text":"The analysis notes that the budget statement did not include an apology and criticises its lack of a concrete timetable.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Sections on timetable and Keine Entschuldigung","limitations":"Labelled analytical interpretation, not a new legal finding or proof of personality. Use with the original speech NOS01.","sourceId":"NOS05","sourceTitle":"Scholz zur Haushaltskrise: Eine neue Realität und kein konkreter Fahrplan"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"humility","judgement":"The record includes attributed acceptance of responsibility for the party result, a direct statement accepting the Court’s authority and a courteous handover. External analysis notes no apology in the budget speech; that observation does not establish absence of humility. The coalition accusations remain unverified claims and require context before they can qualify a personal humility judgement.","uncertainties":"Do not treat electoral defeat as a leadership score. Different views of responsibility and the original German wording require editorial judgement; absence of an apology in one speech is not proof of absence of humility.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":null,"supporting":[{"id":"NOS04-C1","text":"The report records Scholz accepting responsibility for his party’s result and saying he would carry out his duties until the last day.","date":"2025-02-23","locator":"Scholz response to early election results","limitations":"The election outcome itself is excluded from scoring. An attributed acceptance is not independent proof of broad self-correction.","sourceId":"NOS04","sourceTitle":"Reaktionen auf die Hochrechnungen zur Bundestagswahl"},{"id":"OS02-C1","text":"The official record documents the handover from Scholz to Merz on 6 May 2025 and includes their statements.","date":"2025-05-06","locator":"Dated introduction and handover statements","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS02","sourceTitle":"Bundeskanzler Friedrich Merz übernimmt Amtsgeschäfte"}],"adverse":[{"id":"NOS05-C1","text":"The analysis notes that the budget statement did not include an apology and criticises its lack of a concrete timetable.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Sections on timetable and Keine Entschuldigung","limitations":"Labelled analytical interpretation, not a new legal finding or proof of personality. Use with the original speech NOS01.","sourceId":"NOS05","sourceTitle":"Scholz zur Haushaltskrise: Eine neue Realität und kein konkreter Fahrplan"}],"qualifying":[{"id":"NOS01-C1","text":"Scholz accepted the constitutional court decision as politically binding, described adjustments and framed the implications in terms of crisis management.","date":"2023-11-28","locator":"Opening court-response passages","limitations":"English summaries are research paraphrases of German. Acceptance is observable; the speech does not undo invalid budgeting or independently establish programme effectiveness.","sourceId":"NOS01","sourceTitle":"Regierungserklärung zur Haushaltslage, 28 November 2023"},{"id":"NOS02-C1","text":"Scholz announced the finance minister’s dismissal, attributed serious failings to Lindner and proposed a confidence vote to enable an election.","date":"2024-11-06","locator":"Reasons for dismissal and intended confidence timetable","limitations":"Allegations about Lindner are Scholz’s position, not established facts here. Coalition and constitutional constraints matter; neither dismissal nor remaining in office proves ambition over service.","sourceId":"NOS02","sourceTitle":"Rede zur Entlassung des Bundesministers der Finanzen"}]},{"proposal":null,"dimension":"service","judgement":"The archived personal disclosures identify functions and a partnership interest, but do not show how competing interests were managed in actual chancellorship decisions. They support a disclosure observation, not a finding that public duty outweighed private advantage.","uncertainties":"No sufficient decision-level benefit, recusal or foregone-advantage case has been established. Presence of a declared interest is not evidence of misconduct; absence of an identified adverse case is not exoneration.","withholdingReason":"Material coverage, attribution or interpretation gaps described above remain unresolved. A number would imply a whole-period judgement not yet supported.","caveat":"Insufficient evidence for Service. The available records identify declared interests and duties of office, but do not establish how competing interests were managed in specific decisions during the assessment period. This is an evidence gap, not a finding of misconduct. No score has been assigned.","supporting":[{"id":"NOS03-C1","text":"The Bundestag records Scholz’s Article 68 confidence motion and its defeat on 16 December 2024.","date":"2024-12-16","locator":"Motion, vote result and constitutional procedure","limitations":"The outcome is not a popularity or leadership-quality measure; relevance lies in use of the constitutional procedure.","sourceId":"NOS03","sourceTitle":"Vertrauensfrage und vorzeitige Neuwahlen"},{"id":"OS02-C1","text":"The official record documents the handover from Scholz to Merz on 6 May 2025 and includes their statements.","date":"2025-05-06","locator":"Dated introduction and handover statements","limitations":"","sourceId":"OS02","sourceTitle":"Bundeskanzler Friedrich Merz übernimmt Amtsgeschäfte"},{"id":"GS_OS01-C1","text":"The archive lists declared functions and an interest in the law partnership Zimmermann, Scholz und Partner.","date":"2021/2025","locator":"Veröffentlichungspflichtige Angaben; functions and participations","limitations":"Disclosure is not proof of an improper conflict or of its resolution. The archive does not establish the decision-level recusal and benefit history needed for Service.","sourceId":"GS_OS01","sourceTitle":"Archived member biography and mandatory disclosures, 20th Bundestag"}],"adverse":[],"qualifying":[{"id":"NOS02-C1","text":"Scholz announced the finance minister’s dismissal, attributed serious failings to Lindner and proposed a confidence vote to enable an election.","date":"2024-11-06","locator":"Reasons for dismissal and intended confidence timetable","limitations":"Allegations about Lindner are Scholz’s position, not established facts here. Coalition and constitutional constraints matter; neither dismissal nor remaining in office proves ambition over service.","sourceId":"NOS02","sourceTitle":"Rede zur Entlassung des Bundesministers der Finanzen"}]}]}],"sources":[{"id":"BJ01","title":"The Rt Hon Boris Johnson","author":"UK Government","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/people/boris-johnson","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_biography","language":"en","summary":"The biography gives the premiership as 24 July 2019 to 6 September 2022.","notes":"Chronology only. Dynamic page; original publication date is not supplied.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Biography"},{"id":"BJ02","title":"R (Miller) v The Prime Minister; Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland","author":"UK Supreme Court","publisher":"The National Archives","publishedDate":"2019-09-24","url":"https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/uksc/2019/41","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"court_judgement","language":"en","summary":"The Court held the advice to prorogue Parliament unlawful and the resulting prorogation null and without effect.","notes":"A legal finding about the exercise of a power. Do not turn it into a finding of criminality or a general character judgement. Examine the recorded government arguments and subsequent compliance.","archive":"[2019] UKSC 41; National Archives Find Case Law","locator":"[2019] UKSC 41, paragraphs 50, 61 and 69–70"},{"id":"BJ03","title":"Matter referred on 21 April 2022 (conduct of Rt Hon Boris Johnson): Final Report — Summary","author":"House of Commons Committee of Privileges","publisher":"UK Parliament","publishedDate":"2023-06-15","url":"https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5803/cmselect/cmprivi/564/summary.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"parliamentary_finding","language":"en","summary":"The Committee concluded that Johnson deliberately misled the House. The summary records its reasoning, his denials and his response to provisional conclusions.","notes":"Later finding partly concerns statements during the premiership, but also later conduct. Exclude post-premiership conduct from the scored period. Read the full evidence, Johnson’s representations and the Commons decision before assessment.","archive":"HC 564, session 2022–23","locator":"Summary, paragraphs 11–17"},{"id":"BJ04","title":"Coronavirus: lessons learned to date report published","author":"Commons Science and Technology Committee and Health and Social Care Committee","publisher":"UK Parliament","publishedDate":"2021-10-12","url":"https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/135/science-and-technology-committee-commons/news/157991/coronavirus-lessons-learned-to-date-report-published/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"parliamentary_report_announcement","language":"en","summary":"The committees identified both vaccination successes and serious weaknesses in the early pandemic response, including delayed lockdown and shortcomings affecting vulnerable groups.","notes":"An official summary of a collective institutional response, not a personal verdict on Johnson. The underlying report, decision records and subsequent inquiry findings still require review.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening summary and principal findings"},{"id":"BJ05","title":"Prime Minister pledges UK’s unwavering support to Ukraine on visit to Kyiv: 9 April 2022","author":"Prime Minister’s Office, 10 Downing Street","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"2022-04-09","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-pledges-uks-unwavering-support-to-ukraine-on-visit-to-kyiv-9-april-2022","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"government_announcement","language":"en","summary":"The government recorded Johnson’s Kyiv visit and announced additional military assistance and World Bank lending guarantees.","notes":"Primary evidence of the announcement and stated policy. Verify delivery and the leader’s decision-making independently; the release does not establish motives or effectiveness.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Paragraphs describing assistance and lending guarantees"},{"id":"KS01","title":"The Rt Hon Sir Keir Starmer KCB KC MP","author":"UK Government","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/people/keir-starmer","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_biography","language":"en","summary":"The retrieved biography states that Starmer was Prime Minister from 5 July 2024 to 20 July 2026.","notes":"Dynamic page. Treat these as source-reported boundaries pending a second dated institutional check; do not silently carry forward an open-ended period.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Biography"},{"id":"KS02","title":"New Ministerial Code to set out standards in public life and restore transparency","author":"Cabinet Office and Independent Adviser on Ministerial Standards","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"2024-11-06","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-ministerial-code-to-set-out-standards-in-public-life-and-restore-transparency","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"government_announcement","language":"en","summary":"The announcement sets out monthly publication of ministerial gifts and hospitality, including values, and an independent adviser’s power to initiate investigations without a prime ministerial veto.","notes":"Announced institutional rules are not evidence of consistent compliance or enforcement. Check the fixed November 2024 code and subsequent disclosures rather than a later amended code.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Gifts and hospitality rules; independent adviser powers"},{"id":"KS03","title":"Register of Members’ Financial Interests: Starmer, Sir Keir (14 October 2024)","author":"House of Commons","publisher":"UK Parliament","publishedDate":"2024-10-14","url":"https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmregmem/241014/starmer_keir.htm","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_disclosure","language":"en","summary":"The register includes Arsenal tickets and hospitality received on 17 August 2024 and declared on 10 September 2024. Other entries concern earlier dates or periods straddling the start of the premiership.","notes":"Disclosure establishes the declared benefit, not improper influence or a breach. Filter by receipt/acceptance dates, not registration date. Seek applicable rules, corrections, findings and the leader’s response.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Category 3; Arsenal entry received 17 August 2024; accommodation entry 29 May–13 July 2024"},{"id":"KS05","title":"PM statement: 4 August 2024","author":"Keir Starmer; Prime Minister’s Office","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"2024-08-04","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-4-august-2024","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech_transcript","language":"en","summary":"Starmer condemned violent disorder, referred to targeted Muslim and other minority communities, and stated that the government would support the police and pursue criminal enforcement.","notes":"Evidence of words delivered. Assess tone, uncertainty, proportionality, implementation and community experience separately; forceful language is not by itself a crisis score.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Speech transcript, paragraphs on targeted communities and policing"},{"id":"KS06","title":"Nine million pensioners to receive Winter Fuel Payments this winter","author":"HM Treasury; Rachel Reeves","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"2025-06-09","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nine-million-pensioners-to-receive-winter-fuel-payments-this-winter","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"government_announcement","language":"en","summary":"The Treasury announced expanded Winter Fuel Payment eligibility in England and Wales using a £35,000 income threshold, following the narrower arrangements introduced for winter 2024/25.","notes":"A Treasury announcement, not proof of Starmer’s personal reasoning. Recover the original regulations, consultation, impact analysis and decision record. Revision may reflect responsiveness, inconsistency or both; do not infer motives.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Eligibility announcement and Further background"},{"id":"AB01","title":"Greater Manchester to vote for new Mayor","author":"Greater Manchester Combined Authority","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"2026-06-19","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/greater-manchester-to-vote-for-new-mayor/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_election_notice","language":"en","summary":"Discovery lead for the end of Burnham’s mayoralty. No claim is admitted from this inaccessible page.","notes":"Search results report a vacancy on 19 June 2026, but direct retrieval failed with HTTP 402. Confirm through dated election or council records before fixing the period.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Election vacancy notice"},{"id":"AB02","title":"The Kerslake Report","author":"Lord Kerslake and independent review panel","publisher":"Greater Manchester Combined Authority","publishedDate":"2018-03-27","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/media/1271/the-kerslake-report.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_review","language":"en","summary":"Discovery lead for the independent review of preparedness and response to the Manchester Arena attack.","notes":"Direct retrieval failed. Do not attribute any specific report finding or personal credit to Burnham from this lead. Recover the report, commissioning record and implementation follow-up.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Full report; family evidence and recommendations"},{"id":"AB03","title":"An inspection of the service provided to victims of crime by Greater Manchester Police","author":"HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services","publisher":"HMICFRS","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://assets-hmicfrs.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/uploads/an-inspection-of-the-service-provided-to-victims-of-crime-by-greater-manchester-police.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_inspection","language":"en","summary":"The inspection identified serious weaknesses in victim service, crime recording, investigation and governance, while recognising some improvements and a programme of change.","notes":"The reviewed passages concern the police force. Determine the mayor’s oversight powers, knowledge, delegation and response before individual attribution. Exact publication date remains unverified.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Printed pages 8–12: summary, supervision and governance, causes of concern; inspection conducted September–October 2020"},{"id":"AB04","title":"Greater Manchester Police Most Improved Force in the Country as Chief Constable and Mayor confirm HMICFRS has removed Force from Special Measures","author":"Greater Manchester Police","publisher":"GMP","publishedDate":"2022-10-28","url":"https://www.gmp.police.uk/news/greater-manchester/news/news/2022/october/greater-manchester-police-most-improved-force-in-the-country-as-chief-constable-and-mayor-confirm-hmicfrs-has-removed-force-from-special-measures/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"institutional_announcement","language":"en","summary":"The police force announced removal from enhanced monitoring and described improvements in call handling, recording and investigation.","notes":"This is the force’s own account of improvement, not the inspectorate’s original determination. Retrieve that determination and mayoral scrutiny records. Do not treat increased arrests as proof of moral leadership.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening announcement and crime-recording/investigation passages"},{"id":"AB05","title":"Bus Franchising","author":"Greater Manchester Combined Authority","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/what-we-do/transport/bus-franchising/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"policy_overview","language":"en","summary":"Discovery lead for the franchising decision, consultation and delivery record.","notes":"Direct retrieval failed with HTTP 402. Recover the original 2021 decision, consultation findings, legal record, financial assessments and subsequent performance evidence.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Bus franchising overview"},{"id":"BO01","title":"President Barack Obama","author":"Barack Obama Presidential Library, National Archives and Records Administration","publisher":"NARA","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://obamalibrary.archives.gov/obamas/president-barack-obama","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"archival_biography","language":"en","summary":"The archival biography records Obama’s inauguration on 20 January 2009 and return to private life on 20 January 2017.","notes":"Chronology and initial pointers only. This institutional biography is not an independent assessment of leadership.","archive":"Barack Obama Presidential Library, NARA","locator":"Political Career and Post-Presidency"},{"id":"BO02","title":"Healthcare.gov: Ineffective Planning and Oversight Practices Underscore the Need for Improved Contract Management","author":"US Government Accountability Office","publisher":"GAO","publishedDate":"2014-07-30","url":"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-14-694","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_audit","language":"en","summary":"GAO identified inadequate CMS planning and oversight, increased contract costs and delayed functionality. The record includes agency responses and later implementation of recommendations.","notes":"The audit concerns CMS and contracts, not a finding of presidential personal misconduct. Separate the original audit from later updates and trace White House oversight and corrective decisions.","archive":"GAO-14-694","locator":"What GAO Found; Recommendations for Executive Action"},{"id":"BO03","title":"Report on the Telephone Records Program Conducted under Section 215 and on the Operations of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court","author":"Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board","publisher":"PCLOB; copy hosted by US Senate Judiciary Committee","publishedDate":"2014-01-23","url":"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/PCLOBReport.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_oversight_report","language":"en","summary":"The Board recommended ending bulk telephone-record collection, citing legal, privacy and effectiveness concerns. The report includes separate statements by two members.","notes":"This is an oversight board’s conclusion, not a criminal judgement. Separate statements require substantive reading; assess existing court authorisations, inherited arrangements and Obama’s response.","archive":"PCLOB Section 215 Report, 23 January 2014","locator":"Printed page 16, Recommendation 1; introduction and annex contents"},{"id":"BO04","title":"Remarks by the President on Review of Signals Intelligence","author":"Barack Obama; Office of the Press Secretary","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2014-01-17","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/17/remarks-president-review-signals-intelligence/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech_transcript","language":"en","summary":"Obama set out announced intelligence reforms and further privacy work, presenting the need to balance security and civil liberties.","notes":"Primary account of announced policy, not independent proof of implementation. It precedes the PCLOB report; do not describe it as a response to that report.","archive":"NARA archived Obama White House","locator":"Speech, reform proposals and closing discussion of privacy review"},{"id":"BO05","title":"Remarks by the President at Sandy Hook Interfaith Prayer Vigil","author":"Barack Obama; Office of the Press Secretary","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2012-12-16","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/12/16/remarks-president-sandy-hook-interfaith-prayer-vigil","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech_transcript","language":"en","summary":"At the Newtown vigil Obama acknowledged bereaved families, praised responders and community support, and committed to work on preventing further shootings.","notes":"Evidence of public communication at one event. Seek family perspectives and follow-up actions; eloquence does not establish consistent empathy or successful prevention.","archive":"NARA archived Obama White House","locator":"Speech at Newtown High School, passages on families and prevention"},{"id":"BO06","title":"Public Law 111–148 — Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act","author":"111th US Congress","publisher":"US Government Publishing Office","publishedDate":"2010-03-23","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-111publ148","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"legislative_record","language":"en","summary":"The catalogue identifies the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as Public Law 111–148, dated 23 March 2010.","notes":"The catalogue establishes the legislative record. The statute, implementation and distributional effects have not been fully reviewed. Passing legislation is not automatically evidence of service or sound process.","archive":"Public Law 111–148; 124 Stat. 119","locator":"Content Details"},{"id":"BO07","title":"Obama’s Numbers October 2016 Update","author":"Brooks Jackson","publisher":"FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center","publishedDate":"2016-10-09","url":"https://www.factcheck.org/2016/10/obamas-numbers-october-2016-update/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_statistical_analysis","language":"en","summary":"The analysis reports changes in health insurance coverage and other indicators, and warns that numerical changes do not determine presidential credit or blame.","notes":"Follow links to original Census and NHIS data. Definitions and measurement periods differ. Outcomes provide context rather than direct measures of the six leadership dimensions.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Analysis introduction and Health Insurance section"},{"id":"OS01","title":"New Federal Government in office","author":"German Federal Government","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2021-12-08","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/federal-chancellor-election-1989862","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_appointment_record","language":"en","summary":"The government records Scholz’s election, appointment and oath as Federal Chancellor on 8 December 2021.","notes":"Chronology only. The oath does not establish fulfilment of the duties it describes.","archive":"Bundesregierung official archive","locator":"Change of government; Bundestag elects Scholz; oath"},{"id":"OS02","title":"Bundeskanzler Friedrich Merz übernimmt Amtsgeschäfte","author":"German Federal Government","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2025-05-06","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/amtsuebergaber-scholz-merz-2345472","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"handover_record","language":"de","summary":"The official record documents the handover from Scholz to Merz on 6 May 2025 and includes their statements.","notes":"A documented transfer and ceremonial words are relevant but cannot alone establish consistent humility or service. Check transition decisions and the wider record.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Dated introduction and handover statements"},{"id":"OS03","title":"Policy statement by Olaf Scholz, 27 February 2022 in Berlin","author":"Olaf Scholz; German Federal Government","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2022-02-27","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/policy-statement-by-olaf-scholz-chancellor-of-the-federal-republic-of-germany-and-member-of-the-german-bundestag-27-february-2022-in-berlin-2008378","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech_official_translation","language":"en","summary":"Scholz announced a security-policy shift following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including a defence fund, commitments to allies and measures on energy security and household pressures.","notes":"Official English translation, not independent delivery evidence. Check the German transcript for contested wording and budgets, procurement and implementation for results.","archive":"Bundesregierung official archive","locator":"Fourth policy area: defence capability; energy security and relief package"},{"id":"OS04","title":"Second Supplementary Budget Act 2021 is void","author":"Federal Constitutional Court of Germany","publisher":"Bundesverfassungsgericht","publishedDate":"2023-11-15","url":"https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/EN/2023/bvg23-101.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"court_press_release","language":"en","summary":"Discovery lead for the Court’s account of its supplementary-budget judgement.","notes":"Direct retrieval failed with HTTP 403. Search snippets are not admitted as verified claims. Retrieve the judgement and government submissions before drawing a leader-specific conclusion.","archive":"2 BvF 1/22; press release 101/2023","locator":"Press release 101/2023; case 2 BvF 1/22"},{"id":"V01","title":"Parliamentary career for Boris Johnson","author":"UK Parliament","publisher":"UK Parliament","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://members.parliament.uk/member/1423/career","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_career_record","language":"en","summary":"Supporting institutional record; see verification-01 for bounded use.","notes":"Dynamic record; chronology only.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Government posts: 24 July 2019–6 September 2022"},{"id":"V02","title":"Parliamentary career for Sir Keir Starmer","author":"UK Parliament","publisher":"UK Parliament","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://members.parliament.uk/member/4514/career","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_career_record","language":"en","summary":"Supporting institutional record; see verification-01 for bounded use.","notes":"Dynamic record; chronology only.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Government posts: 5 July 2024–20 July 2026"},{"id":"V03","title":"GMCA audited statement of accounts 2017/18","author":"Greater Manchester Combined Authority","publisher":"Greater Manchester Combined Authority","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/media/1623/gmca_audited_statement_of_accounts_2017_18.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"audited_accounts","language":"en","summary":"Supporting institutional record; see verification-01 for bounded use.","notes":"Confirms start date; precise publication day not established.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Narrative report, Elected Mayor: took up position on 8 May 2017"},{"id":"NBJ01","title":"Prime Minister — oral answers, 12 January 2022","author":"Boris Johnson; House of Commons","publisher":"Hansard","publishedDate":"2022-01-12","url":"https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2022-01-12/debates/B95D6787-0385-45CC-B272-3CC935AF69A5/PrimeMinister","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"parliamentary_transcript","language":"en","summary":"Johnson apologised, acknowledged public sacrifices and said he had believed the May 2020 garden gathering was a work event; he accepted that he should have acted differently.","notes":"The apology and explanation are recorded words, not proof that the explanation was correct; compare the privileges findings about in-period statements.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening answer and later work-event answers"},{"id":"NBJ02","title":"Letter from Lord Geidt to the Prime Minister, 17 December 2021","author":"Lord Geidt","publisher":"Cabinet Office","publishedDate":"2022-01-06","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advice-from-the-independent-adviser-on-ministers-interests-december-2021/letter-from-lord-geidt-to-the-prime-minister-17-december-2021-html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_adviser_letter","language":"en","summary":"Geidt criticised incomplete disclosure of messages relevant to the flat-refurbishment investigation and insufficient regard for his role; he distinguished that criticism from his earlier interests assessment.","notes":"Preserve the qualified finding rather than alleging that a bribe or personal corruption was proved. Publication is later than the letter date.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Disclosure, notification and annex discussion"},{"id":"NBJ04","title":"Boris Johnson’s final speech as Prime Minister","author":"Boris Johnson","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2022-09-06","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/boris-johnsons-final-speech-as-prime-minister-6-september-2022","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Johnson thanked staff and the public, referred critically to the circumstances of succession and pledged support for Liz Truss and the new government.","notes":"Mixed observable communication; do not infer his private motives or validate achievement claims in the speech.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Final speech, succession and closing paragraphs"},{"id":"NBJ05","title":"Boris Johnson’s first speech as Prime Minister","author":"Boris Johnson","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2019-07-24","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/boris-johnsons-first-speech-as-prime-minister-24-july-2019","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Johnson set out governing commitments in his first Downing Street speech.","notes":"A baseline for comparing promises with later decisions, not delivery evidence or proof of public-service motivation.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening governing programme and commitments"},{"id":"NBJ06","title":"Conduct of Rt Hon Boris Johnson: Final Report","author":"House of Commons Committee of Privileges","publisher":"UK Parliament","publishedDate":"2023-06-15","url":"https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5803/cmselect/cmprivi/564/report.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"parliamentary_finding","language":"en","summary":"The full report sets out its finding about misleading the House, Johnson’s account and arguments, and its reasons for rejecting aspects of them.","notes":"Later committee conduct and sanctions must not be scored as premiership behaviour. Only relevant sections were reviewed, not every evidential attachment.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Conclusions and sections on what Johnson told the House; representations considered in report"},{"id":"NBJ07","title":"Annual Report of the Independent Adviser on Ministers’ Interests: May 2022","author":"Lord Geidt","publisher":"Cabinet Office","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/annual-report-of-the-independent-adviser-on-ministers-interests-may-2022/annual-report-of-the-independent-adviser-on-ministers-interests-may-2022","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"adviser_report","language":"en","summary":"Geidt raised the question of the Ministerial Code’s legal-compliance duty following the Prime Minister’s fixed penalty notice and called for a public explanation of the Prime Minister’s position.","notes":"A question and advice are not a concluded independent finding that the Code was breached. Original publication day is not established in this packet.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Preface: fixed penalty notice and public confidence in the Code"},{"id":"NKS01","title":"Starmer pays back more than £6,000 worth of gifts amid donations row","author":"ITV News","publisher":"ITV News","publishedDate":"2024-10-02","url":"https://www.itv.com/news/2024-10-02/sir-keir-starmer-pays-back-more-than-6000-worth-of-gifts-amid-donations-row","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_reporting","language":"en","summary":"ITV reported Downing Street’s statement that Starmer had paid for gifts and hospitality and commissioned revised principles.","notes":"A reported official account, not audited banking evidence. Repayment does not erase acceptance or establish that every conflict was resolved.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Report and quoted Downing Street statement"},{"id":"NKS02","title":"PM remarks at Immigration White Paper press conference","author":"Keir Starmer","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2025-05-12","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-remarks-at-immigration-white-paper-press-conference-12-may-2025","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Starmer used the phrase island of strangers in explaining his government’s immigration proposals.","notes":"Assess treatment of people and communication, not agreement with immigration restrictions. Later regret is a separate event.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Transcript paragraph containing island of strangers"},{"id":"NKS03","title":"Starmer says he deeply regrets using island of strangers phrase","author":"Press Association report","publisher":"The Standard","publishedDate":"2025-06-27","url":"https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/keir-starmer-prime-minister-critics-downing-street-kentish-town-b1235233.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"syndicated_reporting","language":"en","summary":"The report quotes Starmer’s regret and explanation in his Observer interview.","notes":"One interview origin, not independent corroboration merely because it is syndicated. The original interview has now been retrieved as NKS09.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Reported interview quotations"},{"id":"NKS04","title":"Keir Starmer’s final speech as Prime Minister","author":"Keir Starmer","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2026-07-20","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/keir-starmers-final-speech-as-prime-minister-20-july-2026","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Starmer announced his resignation, thanked staff and the public, credited collective work and pledged support for his successor.","notes":"Verifies words and announced transfer, not the speech’s claims about the economy, public services or other achievements.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Resignation, successor and concluding thanks"},{"id":"NKS05","title":"Keir Starmer’s first speech as Prime Minister","author":"Keir Starmer","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2024-07-05","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/keir-starmers-first-speech-as-prime-minister-5-july-2024","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Starmer presented service and public trust as governing commitments in his first speech.","notes":"Rhetorical baseline only; subsequent behaviour and institutional decisions must supply the assessment.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Initial governing commitments"},{"id":"NAB01","title":"Ending rough sleeping by 2020 — new Mayor puts words into action","author":"Greater Manchester Combined Authority","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"2018-12-13","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/ending-rough-sleeping-by-2020-new-mayor-puts-words-into-action/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_announcement","language":"en","summary":"GMCA states that Burnham launched a homelessness fund as a first mayoral act and donated part of his salary.","notes":"Page timestamp is 13 December 2018, while the account describes the start of the mayoralty. Event timing is contextualised by NAB07. Do not call this an audited recurring donation record or assume the 2020 goal was met.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening paragraphs on fund and salary; displayed publication timestamp"},{"id":"NAB02","title":"Statements from the Mayor and Deputy Mayor on the future of Greater Manchester Police","author":"Andy Burnham and Beverley Hughes","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"2020-12-18","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/statements-from-the-mayor-and-deputy-mayor-on-the-future-of-greater-manchester-police/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_statement","language":"en","summary":"Burnham’s statement acknowledged unacceptable lack of progress, said the report was accepted and victims apologised to, and announced changes in force leadership.","notes":"Direct record of acknowledgement and announced action. It does not by itself establish adequate prior oversight or completed reform.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Mayor’s statement on report acceptance, apology and leadership"},{"id":"NAB04","title":"Declarations of interest — GMCA meeting of 27 September 2024","author":"GMCA meeting record","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://democracy.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/ieIssueDetails.aspx?IId=21864&Opt=3","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"minutes","language":"en","summary":"The meeting record states that Burnham registered an interest concerning LEVI funding under the capital-funding item.","notes":"A narrow instance of disclosure. Do not infer a personal financial conflict, recusal or consistent compliance from it; publication date is not stated.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Decision under Declarations of Interest, Item 3"},{"id":"NAB05","title":"Mayor and Deputy Mayor announce actions relating to HMICFRS report into GMP","author":"Andy Burnham and Beverley Hughes","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"2020-12-16","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/mayor-and-deputy-mayor-announce-actions-relating-to-hmicfrs-report-into-greater-manchester-police/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_statement","language":"en","summary":"The statement accepted serious inspection issues and announced measures including a dedicated route for victims whose crimes were not recorded or appropriately handled.","notes":"Announced steps require follow-up. Distinguish the force-data reference period from the later inspection dates and the mayor’s own responsibilities.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Report response and victim hotline paragraphs"},{"id":"NBO01","title":"Statement on the deaths of Warren Weinstein and Giovanni Lo Porto","author":"Barack Obama","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2015-04-23","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/04/23/statement-president-deaths-warren-weinstein-and-giovanni-lo-porto","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Obama accepted responsibility for counterterrorism operations, apologised to the families and described review of the operation that killed the hostages.","notes":"An acknowledgement of grave harm is relevant; it does not erase harm, prove the adequacy of safeguards or establish full accountability for every operation.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Statement paragraphs on responsibility, apology and review"},{"id":"NBO02","title":"The President’s News Conference, 14 November 2013","author":"Barack Obama; Office of the Federal Register","publisher":"GovInfo","publishedDate":"2013-11-14","url":"https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/DCPD-201300781/pdf/DCPD-201300781.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_transcript","language":"en","summary":"Obama accepted responsibility for the health-law rollout, acknowledged loss of credibility and discussed corrective action.","notes":"Read alongside GAO’s independent findings and later follow-up; statements about repair are not evidence that every defect was resolved.","archive":"DCPD-201300781","locator":"DCPD-201300781, printed page 4 and subsequent health-marketplace answers"},{"id":"NBO03","title":"President Obama speaks on the results of the election","author":"Barack Obama; White House transcript reproduced in blog","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2016-11-09","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/11/09/president-obama-speaks-results-election","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Obama congratulated the president-elect and instructed his team to work towards a successful peaceful transition.","notes":"Observable communication and instruction, not confirmation of every transition action or acceptance of every substantive policy of the successor.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Reproduced speech paragraphs on call, team instructions and transition"},{"id":"NBO04","title":"Executive Order 13490 — Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel","author":"Barack Obama","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2009-01-21","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/ethics-commitments-executive-branch-personnel/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"executive_order","language":"en","summary":"The order requires an ethics pledge for appointees and contains restrictions, administration provisions and a written-waiver mechanism.","notes":"Instituted rules do not establish personal sacrifice, universal compliance or improper use of waivers. The waiver mechanism must not be omitted from a favourable account.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Pledge, section 3 Waiver and administration provisions"},{"id":"NOS01","title":"Regierungserklärung zur Haushaltslage, 28 November 2023","author":"Olaf Scholz","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2023-11-28","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/service/newsletter-und-abos/bulletin/regierungserklaerung-von-bundeskanzler-olaf-scholz-2245460","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"parliamentary_statement","language":"de","summary":"Scholz accepted the constitutional court decision as politically binding, described adjustments and framed the implications in terms of crisis management.","notes":"English summaries are research paraphrases of German. Acceptance is observable; the speech does not undo invalid budgeting or independently establish programme effectiveness.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening court-response passages"},{"id":"NOS02","title":"Rede zur Entlassung des Bundesministers der Finanzen","author":"Olaf Scholz","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2024-11-06","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/service/newsletter-und-abos/bulletin/rede-von-bundeskanzler-olaf-scholz-2319070","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"de","summary":"Scholz announced the finance minister’s dismissal, attributed serious failings to Lindner and proposed a confidence vote to enable an election.","notes":"Allegations about Lindner are Scholz’s position, not established facts here. Coalition and constitutional constraints matter; neither dismissal nor remaining in office proves ambition over service.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Reasons for dismissal and intended confidence timetable"},{"id":"NOS03","title":"Vertrauensfrage und vorzeitige Neuwahlen","author":"German Bundestag","publisher":"Bundestag","publishedDate":"2024-12-16","url":"https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2024/kw47-vertrauensfrage-1030198","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"parliamentary_record","language":"de","summary":"The Bundestag records Scholz’s Article 68 confidence motion and its defeat on 16 December 2024.","notes":"The outcome is not a popularity or leadership-quality measure; relevance lies in use of the constitutional procedure.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Motion, vote result and constitutional procedure"},{"id":"NOS04","title":"Reaktionen auf die Hochrechnungen zur Bundestagswahl","author":"ARD/tagesschau","publisher":"tagesschau","publishedDate":"2025-02-23","url":"https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bundestagswahl/parteien/reaktionen-hochrechnungen-100.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_reporting","language":"de","summary":"The report records Scholz accepting responsibility for his party’s result and saying he would carry out his duties until the last day.","notes":"The election outcome itself is excluded from scoring. An attributed acceptance is not independent proof of broad self-correction.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Scholz response to early election results"},{"id":"NOS05","title":"Scholz zur Haushaltskrise: Eine neue Realität und kein konkreter Fahrplan","author":"ARD/tagesschau","publisher":"tagesschau","publishedDate":"2023-11-28","url":"https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/regierungserklaerung-scholz-haushalt-100.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"news_analysis","language":"de","summary":"The analysis notes that the budget statement did not include an apology and criticises its lack of a concrete timetable.","notes":"Labelled analytical interpretation, not a new legal finding or proof of personality. Use with the original speech NOS01.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Sections on timetable and Keine Entschuldigung"},{"id":"NBJ08","title":"The Prime Minister’s response to Lord Geidt, 21 December 2021","author":"Boris Johnson","publisher":"Cabinet Office","publishedDate":"2022-01-06","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advice-from-the-independent-adviser-on-ministers-interests-december-2021/the-prime-ministers-response-to-lord-geidt-21-december-2021-html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"correspondence","language":"en","summary":"Johnson apologised for the adviser’s position and incomplete explanation, defended parts of his office’s handling and proposed more support and information access for the adviser.","notes":"Direct acknowledgement and promises; implementation is not established. Read alongside Geidt rather than treating the response as an exoneration.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Letter paragraphs on apology, disclosure and proposed steps"},{"id":"NKS06","title":"Plan for Change: Milestones for mission-led government, CP 1210","author":"UK Government","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2024-12-05","url":"https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6751af4719e0c816d18d1df3/Plan_for_Change.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"policy_document","language":"en","summary":"The Plan sets out named milestones and numerical targets and presents them as a basis for public accountability.","notes":"Relevant sections of the 48-page PDF reviewed. Targets and institutional reform intentions are not achieved outcomes; no full-document implementation audit claimed.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Foreword and milestone list, printed pages 5–7; chapter headings"},{"id":"NAB06","title":"Andy Burnham apologises for GMP historic failings towards LGBTQ+ people","author":"Bryony Gooch","publisher":"The Independent","publishedDate":"2025-12-23","url":"https://www.the-independent.com/news/uk/home-news/andy-burnham-greater-manchester-police-lgbtq-apology-b2889684.html","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"independent_reporting","language":"en","summary":"The report quotes Burnham’s letter apologising for historical discrimination, his statement about operational independence and Tatchell’s view that a mayoral apology did not replace a force apology.","notes":"Original letter not retrieved here. The mayor’s 2025 acknowledgement is in period; the historical abuses described are not attributed to his own mayoralty.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Quoted letter and recipient response"},{"id":"NOS07","title":"Kontrollierte Politisierung: Bürgerdialoge und Nationale Sicherheitsstrategie","author":"Christian Opitz, Hanna Pfeifer and Anna Geis","publisher":"Politische Vierteljahresschrift / Springer Nature","publishedDate":"2024-06-20","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11615-024-00548-9","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"academic_research","language":"de","summary":"The study describes citizen participation in the Foreign Office’s strategy process and argues that control techniques limited its opening.","notes":"The study concerns a Foreign Office process, not a finding of Scholz’s individual empathy or manipulation. Issue year is 2025; online publication is 20 June 2024.","archive":"Not available","locator":"German and English abstracts"},{"id":"NKS08","title":"Winter Fuel Payment statistics for winter 2025 to 2026","author":"Department for Work and Pensions","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"2026-09-15","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/winter-fuel-payment-statistics-for-winter-2025-to-2026/winter-fuel-payment-statistics-for-winter-2025-to-2026","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_statistics","language":"en","summary":"DWP reports recipients under changed eligibility and explains comparisons with earlier winters.","notes":"Retrospective source about an in-period winter. Counts, recipients and beneficiaries differ; this is context, not proof of Starmer’s personal listening or a moral score.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Main stories and eligibility/comparability notes"},{"id":"NAB07","title":"Andy Burnham interview","author":"Big Issue North","publisher":"Big Issue North","publishedDate":"2017-05-16","url":"https://www.bigissuenorth.com/features/2017/05/andy-burnham-interview/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"original_interview","language":"en","summary":"The interview reports Burnham’s salary pledge and questions him about homelessness, mental health and how support would work.","notes":"Directly questioned commitments, not bank records or measured results; charity-focused publication has an explicit public-interest perspective.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Introduction and interview questions on the homelessness fund"},{"id":"NBJ11","title":"Global Britain in a Competitive Age — Integrated Review","author":"UK Government","publisher":"GOV.UK","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-britain-in-a-competitive-age-the-integrated-review-of-security-defence-development-and-foreign-policy/global-britain-in-a-competitive-age-the-integrated-review-of-security-defence-development-and-foreign-policy","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"strategy","language":"en","summary":"The strategy connects national-security and international-policy objectives to priority actions to 2025 in a strategic framework.","notes":"Accessible text updated 2 July 2021; original publication day not established by this file alone. This establishes an articulated strategy, not coherent delivery across all policy.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Introduction and Strategic Framework"},{"id":"NKS09","title":"The private trials of Keir Starmer","author":"Tom Baldwin","publisher":"The Observer","publishedDate":"2025-06-27","url":"https://observer.co.uk/news/politics/article/keir-starmers-deep-regret-over-island-of-strangers-speech","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"original_interview","language":"en","summary":"In the original interview Starmer regretted the phrase, said he had not intended the historical echo and acknowledged that he should have scrutinised the speech more carefully.","notes":"Original published interview, not unedited recording. It establishes an attributed acknowledgement and explanation, not that the explanation is independently proved.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Interview passage discussing the May immigration speech"},{"id":"GC_BJ01","title":"Prime Minister’s address on coronavirus, 23 March 2020","author":"Boris Johnson","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2020-03-23","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-address-to-the-nation-on-coronavirus-23-march-2020","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Johnson instructed people to stay at home, explained permitted exceptions and announced that restrictions would be reviewed in three weeks against evidence.","notes":"Text establishes the content and clarity of communication, not inner composure, public compliance or whether the timing was appropriate.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Stay-at-home instructions, exceptions and three-week review paragraphs"},{"id":"GC_BJ02","title":"PM statement on coronavirus, 12 March 2020","author":"Boris Johnson","publisher":"Prime Minister’s Office","publishedDate":"2020-03-12","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-on-coronavirus-12-march-2020","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Johnson warned that more families would lose loved ones, described the scientific advice and set out the measures then being taken.","notes":"Compare with 23 March rather than treating a changed response as automatically inconsistent. Claims of scientific guidance remain the speaker’s account.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening risk warning and measures"},{"id":"GC_AB01","title":"Manchester terror attack — statement from Mayor Andy Burnham","author":"Andy Burnham","publisher":"GMCA","publishedDate":"2018-12-13","url":"https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/manchester-terror-attack-statement-from-greater-manchester-mayor-andy-burnham/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"reproduced_speech","language":"en","summary":"The reproduced statement acknowledges grief and anger, calls for solidarity, provides emergency contact information and asks people to share trusted information.","notes":"Official page displays a later 2018 timestamp. GC_AB03 corroborates the 23 May 2017 occasion; no claim of contemporaneous website publication is made.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Speech and emergency-information paragraphs"},{"id":"GC_AB02","title":"Burnham says he would accept imposed Tier 3 restrictions","author":"Sky News interview/report","publisher":"Sky News","publishedDate":"2020-10-20","url":"https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-andy-burnham-says-he-would-accept-tier-3-if-imposed-on-greater-manchester-12108890","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"broadcast_reporting","language":"en","summary":"In the reported interview Burnham said he would accept legally imposed restrictions while explaining concerns about harm to residents.","notes":"A reported interview, not an independently tested account of negotiations or proof that all his communication remained calm.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Quotation from interview with Kay Burley"},{"id":"GC_BO01","title":"The President’s remarks on H1N1","author":"Barack Obama; archived White House","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2009-04-30","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2009/04/30/presidentrsquos-remarks-h1n1","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"reproduced_transcript","language":"en","summary":"Obama distinguished concern from panic, described consultation with public-health officials and explained why they did not recommend closing the Mexican border.","notes":"Direct communication evidence; medical appropriateness and implementation require other records. Publication is a day after the conference.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Press-conference question and answer reproduced in post"},{"id":"GC_BO02","title":"Remarks by the President on Ebola","author":"Barack Obama","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2014-10-28","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/28/remarks-president-ebola","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"speech","language":"en","summary":"Obama advocated science-based monitoring, distinguished facts from fear and said he would obtain input from returning health workers.","notes":"Announced consultation is not proof that it occurred; reassurance does not prove effectiveness or consistent composure across the presidency.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Monitoring guidance and health-worker input paragraphs"},{"id":"GS_BO01","title":"Barack Obama incumbent financial disclosure, calendar year 2015","author":"Barack Obama and reviewing officials","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/oge_278_cy_2015_obama_051616.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"scanned_financial_disclosure","language":"en","summary":"The visually inspected cover identifies Obama’s personal incumbent financial disclosure for calendar year 2015 and includes signatures.","notes":"Text extraction is empty. Only the cover was inspected visually; no asset inventory, compliance conclusion or absence of conflicts is claimed.","archive":"Not available","locator":"PDF page 1, visually inspected"},{"id":"GS_BO02","title":"The President donates Nobel Prize money to charity","author":"Office of the Press Secretary","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2010-03-11","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/president-donates-nobel-prize-money-charity/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"announcement","language":"en","summary":"The White House announced the charities designated to receive the Nobel Prize proceeds.","notes":"Announcement alone establishes intention. The subsequent transfer confirmation in GS_BO04 is the stronger action evidence.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Announcement and charity allocation list"},{"id":"GP_OS01","title":"KanzlerGESPRÄCH in Füssen","author":"Federal Government account of questions and Scholz’s answers","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2023-07-13","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/kanzlergespraech-in-fuessen-2201984","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_event_account","language":"de","summary":"The account records citizens’ questions about social insurance, skills, families and refugee employment, with Scholz’s direct responses.","notes":"Government-selected account of a managed event, not an independent measure of empathy or proof that answers caused policy changes.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Topic-specific question-and-answer sections"},{"id":"GP_OS02","title":"KanzlerGESPRÄCH in Bendorf","author":"Federal Government account of questions and Scholz’s answers","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2023-05-01","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/kanzlergespraech-in-bendorf-2186724","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_event_account","language":"de","summary":"The account records Scholz answering citizens about pensions and family support, including a commitment concerning basic support for children.","notes":"Verifies recorded personal engagement, not delivery of the commitment. Do not turn attendance or a promise into sustained responsiveness.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Pensions and family-support question-and-answer passages"},{"id":"GC_OS01","title":"Televised address on the Russian attack against Ukraine","author":"Olaf Scholz","publisher":"Bundesregierung","publishedDate":"2022-02-24","url":"https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/televised-address-by-federal-chancellor-olaf-scholz-on-the-russian-attack-against-ukraine-2007846","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"official_english_transcript","language":"en","summary":"Scholz acknowledged citizens’ anxiety, described allied coordination and sanctions, and said the conflict should be prevented from spreading to other European countries.","notes":"Content of an acute-crisis address, not proof of internal calm, military outcomes or the completeness of preparation.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Opening acknowledgement and allied-coordination passages"},{"id":"GS_OS01","title":"Archived member biography and mandatory disclosures, 20th Bundestag","author":"Olaf Scholz’s disclosures; German Bundestag","publisher":"Bundestag","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://www.bundestag.de/webarchiv/abgeordnete/biografien20/S/scholz_olaf-860468","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"archived_disclosure","language":"de","summary":"The archive lists declared functions and an interest in the law partnership Zimmermann, Scholz und Partner.","notes":"Disclosure is not proof of an improper conflict or of its resolution. The archive does not establish the decision-level recusal and benefit history needed for Service.","archive":"20th Bundestag archive","locator":"Veröffentlichungspflichtige Angaben; functions and participations"},{"id":"GS_AB01","title":"Greater Manchester Mayor’s Charity CIO annual report and accounts, year ended 31 March 2024","author":"Charity trustees; filed with Charity Commission","publisher":"Charity Commission","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search?_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_objectiveId=A16279518&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_mvcRenderCommandName=%2Ffull-print&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_organisationNumber=5187030&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&p_p_id=uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_mode=view&p_p_resource_id=%2Faccounts-resource&p_p_state=maximized","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"filed_charity_accounts","language":"en","summary":"The charity’s accounts identify a £12,375 contribution from patron Andy Burnham in the period and a £15,125 comparative figure for 2023.","notes":"Recipient-filed accounts, not personal bank statements or a guarantee of all annual payments. Do not infer a universal salary percentage or equate contributions with overall public-duty quality.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Accounts related-party note and fundraising section; PDF pages 11 and 41"},{"id":"GS_AB02","title":"Greater Manchester Mayor’s Charity CIO annual report and accounts, year ended 31 March 2025","author":"Charity trustees; filed with Charity Commission","publisher":"Charity Commission","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search?_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_objectiveId=A18081562&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_mvcRenderCommandName=%2Ffull-print&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_organisationNumber=5187030&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&p_p_id=uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_mode=view&p_p_resource_id=%2Faccounts-resource&p_p_state=maximized","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"filed_charity_accounts","language":"en","summary":"The annual report identifies £11,050 donated by Burnham and separately describes a £10,000 Sky speaker-fee contribution on his behalf in lieu of some direct payments.","notes":"Do not add the Sky fee as another direct personal payment or extrapolate a continuous payment history. The report explains an allocation spanning reporting periods.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Individual donations/fundraising section, PDF page 11"},{"id":"GS_BO03","title":"President Obama and Vice President Biden’s tax returns","author":"Norm Eisen","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"2010-04-15","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2010/04/15/president-obama-and-vice-president-biden-s-tax-returns","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"tax_publication_explanation","language":"en","summary":"The tax-release explanation states that Obama directed the Nobel Prize funds to charities, with the prize excluded from income and no charitable deduction for its value.","notes":"An official tax explanation, not a new audit or proof of motive. The account should not imply an additional charitable deduction was claimed.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Nobel Prize tax-treatment paragraphs"},{"id":"GS_BO04","title":"Nobel donation instructions and Foundation transfer confirmation","author":"Barack Obama; Nobel Foundation signatories","publisher":"Archived Obama White House","publishedDate":"Not recorded","url":"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/president-obama-2010-nobel-charity.pdf","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"scanned_correspondence","language":"en","summary":"Obama’s signed instruction directs the award to charities; the Foundation’s signed 12 April confirmation states that the proceeds were transferred on 18 March 2010.","notes":"Four-page scan inspected visually; no automated OCR claim. It establishes this documented disposal of an award, not absence of other conflicts or a general judgement about motives.","archive":"Not available","locator":"PDF page 1 instruction; page 4 Foundation confirmation; visually inspected"},{"id":"GC_AB03","title":"Manchester wakes up after darkest of nights","author":"ITV News Granada","publisher":"ITV News","publishedDate":"2017-05-23","url":"https://www.itv.com/news/granada/update/2017-05-23/manchester-mayor-manchester-wakes-up-after-darkest-of-nights/","accessed":"2026-10-17","type":"contemporaneous_reporting","language":"en","summary":"ITV’s dated coverage records Burnham’s address after the Arena attack and his expression of grief, shock and anger.","notes":"Corroborates occasion and words; does not verify emotional state or the quality of emergency-service operations.","archive":"Not available","locator":"Dated update and quoted address"}]}